The Jesuits : A History , Markus Friedrich, Princeton University Press (2022)

2022·53.6 MB·

by  Markus Friedrich

THE JESUITS
The Jesuits
A HISTORY
MARKUS FRIEDRICH
TRANSLATED BY
JOHN NOËL DILLON
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON & OXFORD
English translation and editorial apparatus copyright © 2022 by Princeton University Press.
This is a translation of Die Jesuiten: Aufstieg, Niedergang, Neubeginn by Markus Friedrich, copyright © 2016 by
Piper Verlag GmbH, München/Berlin
Princeton University Press is committed to the protection of copyright and the intellectual property our authors
entrust to us. Copyright promotes the progress and integrity of knowledge. Thank you for supporting free speech
and the global exchange of ideas by purchasing an authorized edition of this book. If you wish to reproduce or
distribute any part of it in any form, please obtain permission.
Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to [email protected]
Published by Princeton University Press
41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR
press.princeton.edu
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Friedrich, Markus, author. | Dillon, John Noël, translator.
Title: The Jesuits : a history / Markus Friedrich ; translated by John Noël Dillon.
Other titles: Jesuiten. English
Description: Princeton : Princeton University Press, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021012468 (print) | LCCN 2021012469 (ebook) | ISBN 9780691180120 (hardback) | ISBN
9780691226194 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Jesuits—History.
Classification: LCC BX3702.3 .F7513 2022 (print) | LCC BX3702.3 (ebook) | DDC 271/.53—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021012468
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021012469
Version 1.0
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
Editorial: Ben Tate, Josh Drake
Jacket Design: Karl Spurzem
Production: Danielle Amatucci
Publicity: Maria Whelan, Carmen Jimenez
Jacket art: St. Ignatius of Loyola before Pope Paul III. Anonymous, 16th century. Scala / Art Resource, NY
For Frieda
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
List of Abbreviations xi
Prologue: Ignatius of Loyola Founds an Order 1
1 The Inner Life and Structure of the Society 20
2 The Society, the Churches, and the Faithful 131
3 Saeculum and the Kingdom of God: The Jesuits “in the World” 260
4 The Global Society 427
5 A World without the Society of Jesus: Hostility, Suppression, Revival
575
Epilogue: The Modern Society 621
Acknowledgments 673
Afterword to the English Edition 675
Translator’s Note 677
Notes 679
Works Cited 751
Names Index 829
Subject Index 845
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Ignatius of Loyola, painted by Jacopino del Conte, 1556.
2. Portraits of Ignatius and the first companions, 1590.
3. Fresco from the Collegio Romano (presumably eighteenth century).
4. Etching by Peter Paul Rubens from Exercitia Spiritualia S. P. Ignatii
Loyolae.
5. Fresco of the IHS monogram from the rooms of Ignatius of Loyola in
Rome.
6. Casuists at work: the deliberations of experts in moral theology.
7. Penitential sermon and procession.
8. A Jesuit missionary preaches to a penitent crowd.
9. View of the city of Rome and the Society of Jesus headquarters.
10. The castle in Kissing.
11. Standardized accounting form of the Society of Jesus.
12. Public award ceremony for outstanding students.
13. Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Almagestum Novum (Bologna 1651).
14. Two examples of Jesuit fortress architecture.
15. Paul Hoste, L’art des armées navales (1697).
16. Francesco Lana Terzi’s design for an airship (1670).
17. Jesuit map of Paraguay.
18. Drawing by Georg Josef Kamel (1703).
19. Jean Dubreuil’s stage design (1679).
20. Model of the city of Munich by Jakob Sandtner (1570).
21. The Jesuit college of Roanne under construction.
22. Andrea Pozzo, ascension of St. Ignatius of Loyola.
23. Hieronymus Wierix, Auferstandener Christus.
24. Sculptural adaptation of Auferstandener Christus.
25. Emblems from Imago primi saeculi Societatis Iesu.
26. Mission village inhabitants leave the vice of alcohol at a cross.
27. The birth of Jesus Christ in Jerónimo Nadal’s Adnotationes et
meditationes (1595).
28. Ai Rulüe/Giulio Aleni’s birth of Jesus (1640).
29. Nicolas Trigault in Chinese dress.
30. Gabriel Malagrida depicted in the caricature “Les Moins Devoilés.”
31. Drawing of the mission station of St. Mary, 1841, by Nicholas Point.
ABBREVIATIONS
ACDF Archivio della Congregazione per la dottrina della Fede
AD Archives départementales
AFSJ Archives françaises de la Société de Jésus
AN Archives nationales, Paris
ARSI Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu
BayHStA Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Munich
BN Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome
BnF Bibliotèque nationale de France, Paris
Braunsberger Braunsberger, Otto, ed. Beati Petri Canisii Societatis Jesu,
Epistolae & Acta. 8 vols. Freiburg 1896–1923
CG Padberg, John W., Martin D. O’Keefe, and John McCarthy.
For Matters of Greater Moment: The First Thirty Jesuit
General Congregations. St. Louis, MO, 1994 (cited by
General Congregation, decree, and page number)
Clm Codex latinus monaciensis. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek,
Munich
Const The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their
Complementary Norms: A Complete English Translation
of Official Latin Texts, translated by George E. Ganss, S.J.
St. Louis, MO, 1996
DBI Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. 84 vols. thus far.
Rome 1960–present
DHCJ O’Neill, Charles E., ed. Diccionario histórico de la
Compañía de Jesús. Biográfico-Temático. 4 vols. Rome
2001