The Islamic World in International Relations PDF
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The Islamic World in International Relations STUDIES IN POLITICS, SECURITY AND SOCIETY Edited by Stanisław Sulowski Faculty of Political Science and International Studies University of Warsaw VOLUME 24 STUDIES IN POLITICS, SECURITY AND Sylwester Gardocki / Rafa O arowski / Rafa Ulatowski SOCIETY (eds.) ł ż ł Edited by Stanisław Sulowski Faculty of Political Science and International Studies University of Warsaw The Islamic World in VOLUME 24 International Relations Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. This publication was financially supported by the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 2199-028X ISBN 978-3-631-78566-9 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-78675-8 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-78676-5 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-78677-2 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b15483 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2020 All rights reserved. Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Contents The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for Part I – International Security at the Library of Congress. Muzaffer Kural Geopolitical Rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East ...... 11 This publication was financially supported by the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Subtain Hussain Shah Comparative Study of Post-9/11 and Post-Arab Spring Rise of Violent Religious Extremism in Pakistan ........................................................................ 27 Part II – Foreign Policy Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck Radosław Fiedler ISSN 2199-028X From Sanctions to War? Nothing New in the US’ Policy towards Iran ISBN 978-3-631-78566-9 (Print) since 1979 ............................................................................................................... 43 E-ISBN 978-3-631-78675-8 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-78676-5 (EPUB) Rafał Ożarowski E-ISBN 978-3-631-78677-2 (MOBI) What Is the Other Side of the Coin? Re-imposition of U.S. Sanctions DOI 10.3726/b15483 on Iran ..................................................................................................................... 61 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Hadi Ajili, Mohammed Oliaei, and Javad Nori Berlin 2020 The Review of Stabilizing and Crisis Building of Iran and Saudi Arabia All rights reserved. in Middle East ........................................................................................................ 75 Adam Szymański Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien “Domestication” of the Middle Eastern Policy of Turkey ................................ 93 All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without Sylwester Gardocki the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to Russian Contemporary Policy towards Syria .................................................... 117 prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in Hana N. Hlaváčková electronic retrieval systems. EU Small States and Their Fight against IS ........................................................ 129 This publication has been peer reviewed. Jiří Zákravský www.peterlang.com Sports Diplomacy of the State of Qatar and Its (Lack of) Success in the Czech Republic: Analysis of the Czech Nationwide Press in 2016 ................. 143 6 Contents Part III – Economy and Energy Policy Rafał Ulatowski The Paradox of the Shale Oil Market. The Middle East and the Global Oil Market .............................................................................................................. 159 Fazli Doğan and Erdem Özlük Success of Integration Initiatives in the Islamic World: The Case of D-8 ...... 185 Iwona Sobol and Gabriela Mieczkowska Islamic Banking Development in GCC Region on the Examples of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates ............................... 207 Martina Ponížilová China’s Risk-Averse Middle East Policy: Protecting Economic Interests While Staying Out of Conflicts ............................................................................ 223 Part IV – Regional Studies Yuriy Skorokhod “Consociational Democracy”: The Model of the Democratization of Deeply Divided Arab Societies? .......................................................................... 239 Vladimír Naxera “Islamophobia without Muslims”: Anti-Muslim and anti-Arab Attitudes in Czech Society (Introductory Remarks) ........................................ 251 Magdalena Ickiewicz-Sawicka Balkan Muslims – Origin, Structure, Identity ................................................... 269 List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 281 List of Tables ........................................................................................................... 283 Note of Authors ..................................................................................................... 285 Introduction The Definition of Islamic World encompasses variable areas, basically inhabited by Muslims and represented by Muslims states. However, it also includes Muslims living in non-Muslim states considered religious minorities or refugees and even relates to processes and phenomena connected to Islamic World even if they are not a basic part of it. Thus the description ‘Islamic World’ is more complex and multidimensional and cannot be considered only in the terms of geographical area or Islam believers. The presented book entitled Islamic World in International Relations edited by Sylwester Gardocki, Rafał Ożarowski, and Rafał Ulatowski is the effect of work of many scholars representing variable universities and research institutes. Thus, in the book, the perspective on Islamic World dilemmas is not homogenous but strongly diversified. It contributes a lot to understanding essence and specificity of analyzed problems and phenomena in the book. The book has been divided into four parts which refer to the basic categories of research in international relations. First part consisting of two chapters relates to the international security; second is dedicated to the foreign policy issues and comprised of seven chapters and is the lengthiest part. The third part with four chapters refers to economy and energy policy, and the last one is devoted to the regional studies and consists of three chapters. Chapters in the first part (1. Muzaffer Kural, Geopolitical Rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East; 2. Subtain Hussain Shah, Comparative Study of Post 9/11 and Post Arab Spring Rise of Violent Religious Extremism in Pakistan) refer to variable topics in the sphere of international security in the area of Islamic World, describing the issue of instability in the MENA region and reasons and consequences of geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and finally the issue of religious extremism in Pakistan influenced by the events in the ‘Arab World’ named Arab Spring or ‘Arab Revolutions’. Consequently, authors of these chapters make us aware of huge instability in the whole Islamic World and emphasize the issue of international security which is not restricted to the selected areas but considered globally. Chapters contained in the second part of the book (1. Radosław Fiedler, From Sanctions to War? Nothing New in the United States’ Policy Towards Iran Since 1979; 2. Rafał Ożarowski, Re-Imposition of U.S. Sanctions; 3. Hadi Ajili, Mohammed Oliaei, Javad Nori, The Review of Stabilizing and Crisis Building of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East; 4. Adam Szymański, “Domestication” of 8 Introduction the Middle Eastern Policy of Turkey; 5. Sylwester Gardocki, Russian Contemporary Policy Towards Syria; 6. Hana, EU Small States and Their Fight Against IS; 7. Jiří Zákravský, Sports Diplomacy of the State of Qatar and Its (Lack of) Success in the Czech Republic: Analysis of the Czech Nationwide Press in 2016) regard a wide- range of topics. The biggest emphasis is put on the explanation of new era of sanctions imposed by the USA on Iran in 2018 (Fiedler, Ożarowski). However, the conflict in Syria take here also an important place in the terms of Russian Foreign Policy (Gardocki) or Turkish Foreign Policy (Szymański). The issue of “soft power” has been analyzed here in the case of Qatar (Zákravský) and the inadequately marginalized EU small states policy in relation to the Middle Eastern terrorist threat, what was equally explained (Hlaváčková). Third part refers to economy and energy policy comprising of four chapters (1. Rafał Ulatowski, The Paradox of the Shale Oil Market. The Middle East and the Global Oil Market; 2. Fazli Doğan, Erdem Özlük, Success of Integration Initiatives in the Islamic World: The Case of D-8; 3. Iwona Sobol, Gabriela Mieczkowska, Islamic Banking Development in GCC Region on the Examples of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates; 4. Martina Ponížilová, China´s Risk-Averse Middle East Policy: Protecting Economic Interests while Staying Out of Conflicts). Complex issues taken up in all chapters show how multileveled and diverse is the sphere of economic relations including energy policy in the Islamic World. Much emphasis has been put on the issue of oil shale market which is a quite new challenge for the energy sector worldwide (Ulatowski). The last part consists of three chapters (1. Yuriy Skorohod, “Consociational Democracy”: The Model of the Democratization of Deeply Divided Arab Societies? 2. Vladimír Naxera, “Islamophobia Without Muslims”: Anti-Muslim and anti- Arab Attitudes in Czech Society (Introductory Remarks); 3. Magdalena Ickiewicz- Sawicka, Balkan Muslims – Origin, Structure, Identity) devoted to regional studies in the context of Islamic issues – division of Arab society, Islamophobia, and the specificity of Muslims in the Balkan region particularly. Editors would like to thank all contributors for the publication and all people engaged in work on this edition.
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