The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity PDF
Preview The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity
The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity • • BENJAMIN ISAAC P R I N C E T O N U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S P R I N C E T O N A N D O X F O R D Copyright (cid:2) 2004 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Fourth printing, and first paperback printing, 2006 Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-691-12598-5 Paperback ISBN-10: 0-691-12598-8 The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Isaac, Benjamin H. The invention of racism in classical antiquity / Benjamin Isaac. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-11691-1 (alk. paper) 1. Racism—Greece—History—To 1500. 2. Racism—Rome. I. Title. DF135.I82 2004 320.5(cid:3)6(cid:3)0938—dc21 2003048610 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Times Roman Printed on acid-free paper. (cid:3) pup.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 • • FOR IDA • C O N T E N T S • ILLUSTRATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii INTRODUCTION 1 PART 1: STEREOTYPES AND PROTO-RACISM: CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIATION 53 CHAPTER 1 Superior and Inferior Peoples 55 CHAPTER 2 Conquest and Imperialism 169 CHAPTER 3 Fears and Suppression 225 Conclusions to Part 1, Chapters 2 and 3 248 PART 2: GREEK AND ROMAN ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPECIFIC GROUPS: GREEK AND ROMAN IMPERIALISM 253 INTRODUCTION TO PART 2 255 CHAPTER 4 Greeks and the East 257 CHAPTER 5 Roman Imperialism and the Conquest of the East 304 CHAPTER 6 Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Syrians 324 CHAPTER 7 Egyptians 352 CHAPTER 8 Parthia/Persia 371 CHAPTER 9 Roman Views of Greeks 381 CHAPTER 10 Mountaineers and Plainsmen 406 viii • C O N T E N T S • CHAPTER 11 Gauls 411 CHAPTER 12 Germans 427 CHAPTER 13 Jews 440 Conclusions to Part 2 492 END CONCLUSIONS 501 Ethnic Prejudice, Proto-Racism, and Imperialism in Antiquity 503 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 517 INDEX OF SOURCES 541 GENERAL INDEX 553 • I L L U S T R A T I O N S • (following page 251) 1. Heracles and Busiris. Caeretan black-figure hydria, Late Archaic Greek, c. 510 b.c. Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum, ANSA IV 3576. A. Furtwa¨ngler und K. Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmalerei; Auswahl hervorragender Vasenbilder (Mu¨nchen 1904), Pl. 51. 2a and 2b. Greek assaults Persian (Eurymedon). Attic red-figure oinochoe, un- attributed, Early Classical Greek, c. 465 b.c. Inv. No. 1981.173. Hamburg, Museum fu¨r Kunst und Gewerbe. 3. Persian Soldiers. Attic red-figure lekythos, c. 400 b.c., (cid:4)695. (cid:2) Copyright The British Museum 4a and 4b. Oriental ruler, probably the King of Persia, riding a camel. Attic red-figure oinochoe, towards the end of the first half of the fifth century. British Museum, London, (cid:4)1912.7–9.1. (cid:2) Copyright The British Museum 5a and 5b. Athenian mistress and black slave girl in cemetery. Attic white- ground lekythos, Bosanquet painter, 450–440 b.c., v.i. 3291. Antikensam- mlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin–Preussischer Kulturbesitz-. 6. Nude black boy attending Athenian older man. Attic red-figure belly am- phora. Chr. VIII 320 Ptr., c. 470 b.c. Department of Classical and Near East- ern Antiquities, National Museum of Denmark. 7. Claudius and Britannia. From a series of Roman imperial reliefs found in the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias by courtesy of the New York University Excava- tions at Aphrodisias. Photo courtesy of the New York Excavations. 8a–b and 8c–d. Judaea Capta Coins. Silver denarii, Israel Museum Inv. No. 140 and No. 139. Collection Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Photo (cid:2) Israel Museum 9. Mass execution of German prisoners. Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, scene 61. Photo: Eugen Petersen, Die Marcus-Sa¨ule auf Piazza Colonna in Rom, eds. Eugen Petersen, Alfred von Domaszewski, und Guglielmo Cal- derini, Text (1 Band).–Tafeln (2 Port.), (Munich, 1896), Tafel 70. 10. Vanquished Germans surrender to the Emperor. Panel relief of Marcus Au- relius, Roma, Musei Capitolini, Inv. 809/S, Archivio Fotografico dei Musei Capitolini.
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