The Internet Upheaval: Raising Questions, Seeking Answers in Communications Policy

440 Pages·2000·20.794 MB·English

by  Ingo Vogelsang, Benjamin M. Compaine

TheI nteertUn pheaval
TheI nterUnpehte aval
RaisiQnuge stioSnese,k iAnngs werisn
CommunicatiPoonlsi cy
Editbeyd
IgnoV oeglsaannBdge njaM.m Cionm paine
TheM IT Press
CambridMgaes,s achusetts
LondonE,n gland
© 2000 TPRC,I nc.
Allr gihtsr eservNeod p.a rotf t hibso okm ayb er eproduicnea dn yf ormb ya ny
electroornm iecc hanimceaaln (si nclupdhiontgo copyriencgo,r doirni gn,f orma­
tino storaagnedr etriewviatlh)op uetr missiinwo rni tifnrgo mt he upblisher.
Thibso okw ass eitn S abobny M aryR eilGlrya phics.
Printaenddb ounidn t heU niteSdt atoefAs m erica.
LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation
The Interunpehte a:v arlaisiqnuge stisoenesk,i anngs weirnsc ommunications
polciyI e ditbeydl ngVoo gelgs aanndB enjamMi.nC ompaine.
p. cm.
Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraelan ncdein sd ex.
ISBN0 -262-220(6h3ca-:l6 k p.a per)
1.T elecommunipcoaltiicoyn- UnSittaetd2e .sI .n ter(nCeotm putneertw ork)­
Governmepnotl icy-UnSitattees.d 3 .I ntersneertv ipcreo viders-Govern­
mentp olicy-UnSittaetdIe .Vs o.g elsaInngg,oI .IC .o mpainBee,n jamMi.n
HE7781.1529060 0
384.3'3-dc21 00-032920
Contents
PrefacIeX
BenjamiMn.C ompaine
ContributXoIrIIs
Acknowledgemexnvt s
IntroductXiVIoIn
UpheavaanldMs o re
BenjamMi.nC ompaiannedI ngoV ogelsga n
I InternPeotl iIcsys ues
1 WilTlo morroBwe F reeA?p plicaotfiS otna Atcet iDoonc tritnoe
PrivaItnet erPnreotv ide3rs
IriDnmai trieva
2 Ina W orlwdi thoBuotr deTrhse:I mpacotfTa xeso nI nternet
Commerce2 9
AustaGno olsbee
3 BeyonCdo ncerUnn:d erstanNdeitUn sge rAst't ituadbeosu t
OnlinPer ivac4y7
LorrFiaei tChr anoJr,o seRpehg alea,n dM arkS .A ckerman
n TheI nterCnheatn gePsa radigms
4 TheD eatohf C itiTehse?D eatohf D istanEcvei?d enfcreo tmh e
GeograpohfCy o mmercial IUnstaegren 7e3t
JedK olko
vi Contents
5 OnlienV otinCga:l culaRtiisnkagsn dB enefittost heC ommunity
andt hIen dividu9a9l
LindOa. V alenatyn dJ ameCs. B rent
6 TelecommunictahteIi notnesr,an nedtt ,h eC osotf C apita1l 27
R.G lenHnu bbaradn dW illiaLme hr
7 A TaxonomoyfC ommunicatDieomnasn d 151
StevGe.nL anninSgh,a wRn. O 'DonnealnldW., Russell Neuman
8 CompetiEtffievceot fsI nternPeete riPnogl ici1es7 5
PaulM iglromB,r igedrM itchaenldlP, a dmanabShraingn eash
ill TheI nterCnoemtp,e titainodMn a,r kePto wer
9 MediMae rgerDsi,v teisturaensdt, h eI nternIestI :tT imef ora
NewM odeflo Irn terprCeotmipnegt itio1n9?9
BenjamMi.nC omp aine
10 OpenAr chitecture AptporI onancohveast i2o3n 1
DouglLaisc htman
11 Empirical EovniA ddevnacnec Seedr viacteC so mmercIinatle rnet
AccePsrso vide2rs53
ShanGer eenstein
12 PricianngdB undliEnlge ctrIonnfiocr maGtoioodns E:v idence
fromt heF ield2 77
JeffKr.eM ya cKie-MaJsuoanF.n, R iveraonsd,R oberSt.G azzale
IV UniverSsearlv ice
13 AnEc onomiPsetr'ssp ecotniU vnei verRseasli denSteiravli c3e0 9
MichaHe.lR iordan
14 SquaritnhgeC ircRleeb:a lancTianrgiWh fiflseP romoting
UniverSsearlv ic3e3 1
GeoffMryeeyr s
15 TheIr onyo fT elecommunicDaetrieognusl ation: tAhses essing
RolRee verisnaU l. Sa.n dE U Policy3 55
BarbaAr.aC herry
Contevnitis
16 Winnearnsd L osefrrosm theU niverSseravli Scueb sidy
Battle3 87
BradlSe.Wy i mmearn dG rgeory1 .R osston
Index4 13
Preface
ThTee lecommunPioclaiRtceiyso enasCr ocnhf er(eTnPcReiC as) n a nnual
forufmo src holeanrgsa gienpd u blisrheasbelaeor npc ohl icy-relevant
telecommunaincdia ntfioornmsia stisouanen sdp, u blaincdp rivsaetce­
torde cismiaokne ernsg agientd e lecommunaincdai tnifoonrsm ation
poliTchye. puropfto hsceeo nferiestn oac ceq uapionltim cayk ewrist h
thbee sotfr ecernets eaarncdth of amiliraersiezaerw cihttehhr kesn owl­
edgnee eodfsp olimcayk ers.
Pritoobr e iansgk beydt hBeo arodfT PRCt ob ea ne ditooftr h ibso ok
Ih adj usatb oucto mplemtyet de ramsc hairomfat nhP er ogrCaomm ­
mittfeoterh 1e9 9T9P RCI.ti sw itthh ahtao tn t haIwt r itthepi rse face.
The TelecommPuonliicRcaeyts ieoaCnro cnhf erheonlcdaesn u nri­
valpelda actet hcee ntoefnr a tiopnuabllp iocl idciys coounri sses iune s
communicaantdii nofnosr maYteiitor no.n iTcPaRlClu'yns i queanreissse s
noftr osmh afropc buusft r otmh ien clubsrievaeod fti hts su bjmeacttt er
anda ttendUenelsio.kt eh emra nyo thecro nferepnacretsi,c iipna nts
TPRCd on octo meex clusfirvoaemcl ayd emia, oirgn odvuesrtnrmye nt,
burt athaenir n terldiinsamcriiyxpo fa ltlh rIened.e TePdR,C i so neo f
thef ewp lacwehse rmeu ltidiscdiipslciunsatsraiykop enl sa acest he
normT.h ougehc onomainsdet nsg irnseo erfma p luraolfai tttye ndees
andp resenstoecrissa,cl i entMiBsAtssl,,a wyearnsdt, h ed iscipline
"unaffilgiiavtteehc deo" n ferietflnsac veot rh routghhep iarr ticipation.
Whatth pea rtichiapvaiennc t osm omni sa ni nvolveimnte enlte com­
municatpoiloinAcsny dw. h itlheam ta ym ea"nt elepthoot nhgeee" n eral
populatiinto hnet, e lecommunpioclaitwcioyor nli dte ncompasses
telephdoantcyao, m municabtriooandsc,aa sntdim,no gs,t ly rtehcee ntly,
InterFnreotam. w orltdh aftr equesnptelaoykf ts e chnolcoognivcearl­
gencoev,ei rt2 s7 -yleiatfree l ecommundiicsactuisoasntTis Po RnChs a ve
x Preface
increasiinncgolrpyo trhaceto emdp uwtietrch o mmunicaatnidto hnes
manbyu sinseoscsai,na dlr egulaitsosrruyae iss beytd h eciorn vergence.
Thivso ludmrea wosnt hnee ar9l0py a peprrse sented-fsreolme cted
almotwsitc teh tan umbesru bmittetdh2-e7a ttah n nugaalt heirni ng
Septem1b9e9ra9 n dre flecatm sa troiftx h teo piccosn sidbeyrt ehde
attendTeheussi.,na ssembtlhiepn rgo grfaomtr h e1 99T9P RCt he
ProgrCaomm mitteet hfatothu rena dn ogfei nteraensdtt hsne e eodfs
thceo nferaetntceen ddeemeasn dgerde aetmeprh atshiasn oenvt ehre
issuaesss ociwaitttehhd re a pdiidf fuosfti hoIenn terinsestuo:efp s r i­
vacsye,c u,re iqtuyiatcyc,e rsesl,i abeiclointyos,mt iacb igloivteyr,n ance
andt echnologicalO fc soturrutschete,uwr reeer spe.a peornsm any
other ctroiptiiLccosac:laA lc ceCsosm petiUt.i.Soa nn,dE uropean
UnioRne gulatIinotne,l lPercotpueaarlnt dyT ,e lecommuniicna tions
DeveloCpoiunngt rtione asm,oe n layf ewI.nc onvenaci onngf erteon ce
tackled issupcathro aptiwece rs e loinea dc ommitctoemep osofel de ad­
erfsr oamc rotshdsei scipcloinntersi btuott hiceno gn ference.
Asa nyownheo h aesv eorr ganaic zoendf erkennocwets h,e rye quire
harwdo rokv emra nmyo nthOsv.et rh yeae rIsh avweo rkoendm any
commitwtheeerasef ewp eopclaer trhyle o aTdh.i hsa rsa rebleyet nh e
casaetT PRCa ndc ertawiansnl oyit n 1999. Eveorfty h cimsoe mm­ber
mittceoen trisbuubtsetda nwtiitbahol tlthyi maen di deTahs.ec ommit­
teceo nsisotfPe hdiA lg rUen,i verosfCi atlyi foartLn oiAsan gelJeusl;i e
CoheGne,o rgetUonwinv erLsawi Cteyn ter;F aLioCtrrhra ineAo Tr&,T
Labs-ReseSahracrhoE;ni snGeirl leMtats,s achuIsnestttisot fu te
TechnolSohgaynG;er eensNtoeritnh,w eUsntievrenr JsointaytL;he avny ,
FedeCroamlm unicaCtoimomniss sLiuoinPg,ri o speUrneitvteir,os fi ty
MilaPna,d manabShrainn agCehsahr,l esA sRsiovceiraa ntdMe asr;t in
TaschdMjeidaina,O Innet ernaTthieoq nuaallo.if tt yh pea peirnts h is
voluimsoe n ltyh meo svti simbalreokf t hhea rwdo rakn dv aluaeddv ice
thepyr ovidduerdit nhgye ae ro fp lanning.
Fory eaTrPsR Ch acso ntrawcittEehcd o nomIinsctt.sop,, r ovaiddmei n­
istrastuipvpeof rottrh ceo nferSeinnc1ce9e.8 t9h astu ppohratsb een
provipdreidm abryiD layw nH iggiansss,i asttc erdi ttiicmabelys L ori
Rodriguezt.h PeWr hoiglrCeao mm mitgteetesd etawoli tthh bei pgi c­
turDea,w na ndL ormia kseu rteh awtek noww hante etdosg edto ne,
byw hena,n tdh nem akoeu dre cishiaopnpseW ent .h antkh eamg afionr
makitnhgce o nferweonrcke with saepapmalreesnstn ess.
Prefaxcie
TheT elecommunPicoaltiRiceoysn esaC rocnhf eriesrnu cbney T PRC,
Icn,. nao t-pfroorofi rtg aninzg aotvieorbnyea dB oarodfD irectIotr s.
hasl onbge eint psr acttiorc eem ove itstehloefp erfartooifmto hne
ProgrCaomm mitItw eaen.tt o t hanBko arCdh airJmoarnSg ceh ement
andt hree sotft hBeo arfdo cro ntintuhiapntog l iocfay l lowtihneg
ProgrCaomm mitwtiedele a tiitnud deet ermtihnsiehn agpo eft hsee s­
sioannsdp resenters.
Ultim,a tcaeo lnyferceanbnce ne o b etttehrai ntc so nteTnhtum.so st
oft hcer efdoiarts uccecsosnffuelr geonetcsoee v erywohnose u bmitted
abstr,fa ocltlsouwpwe idt pha peprrse,p aprreeds entaantdci aomnteso ,
thec onferreenacdteyo q uestcioomnm,e anntd c ritiTqPuReCh. a s
alwabyese ang relaeta rneixnpge riAesnC chea.i rmoaftn h Per ogram
Commitatnedeo nb ehaolfmf y colleaognut ehsec ommitIta eme ,
pleatsoeh da vbee eanb lteoc ontritbotu htaeed vanceomfte enlte com­
municatpioolnibscyl y e adtihncego nferien1n9 c9e9 .
Anda,sa ne ditooftr h bioso kIa, m g ratihfiaevdit nhgae d deodp por­
tunittoby r itnoga w idaeu diesnocmeoe f t hmeo srte adaibnlfeo,r ma­
tivaen,dv aluapbalpee rs.
BenjamMi.nC ompaine
Contributors
Followairntegh a ef filiaatndi coonnst afcottrsh eed itaonrdcs h apter
authaotrt sht ei moefp ublication.
Editors
BenjamMi.n C omp ainree,s eaarfcfihl iPartoeg,r oanmI nformation
ResourPcoelsia ctHy a rvaUrndi verasndip tryi ncaitbp caolm pacnoym..
[email protected].
IngVoo gelsParnogf,e sEscoorn,o mDiecpsa rtmBeonstt,Uo nni versity.
[email protected].
Authors
MarkS .A ckermUanni,v teyro sfCi alifoIrvrniinae,;
[email protected]
Jamecs.B re,nS taJno sSet aUtnei verjscibtrye;n [email protected]
BarbaCrhae rMriyc,h iSgtaanUt nei verbscihteyr;r [email protected]
LorrFiaei Ctrha n,Ao Tr&TL abs-Resleoarrrcihe;@ acm.org
IriDnmai triUenviav,e rosfFi ltoyr iidraai0;n0 [email protected]
RobeSr.Gt a zzaUlnei,v erosfMi itcyh igragna;z zale.@deuum ich
AustGaono lsUbneiev,e rosfCi htiyc ago;
[email protected]
ShanGer eensKteelilnGo,rg agd uSactheo oofMl a nagement,
NorthweUsntievrenr ss-igtyr;e eln@skteelilno gg.nwu.edu