The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine Frameworks and Applications

358 Pages·2022·9.695 MB·English

by  Rajiv Pandey, Amrit Gupta, Agnivesh Pandey

The Internet of Medical
Things (IoMT) and
Telemedicine Frameworks
and Applications
Rajiv Pandey
Amity University, Lucknow, India
Amrit Gupta
MRH, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow,
India
Agnivesh Pandey
D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
A volume in the Advances in Medical
Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP) Book
Series
Published in the United States of America by
IGI Global
Medical Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)
701 E. Chocolate Avenue
Hershey PA, USA 17033
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Web site: http://www.igi-global.com
Copyright © 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.
Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or
companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pandey, Rajiv, 1966- editor. | Gupta, Amrit, 1963- editor. | Pandey,
Agnivesh, 1975- editor.
Title: The internet of medical things (IoMT) and telemedicine frameworks
and applications / Rajiv Pandey, Amrit Gupta, Agnivesh Pandey, editors.
Description: Hershey, PA : Medical Information Science Reference (an
imprint of IGI Global), [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and
index. | Summary: “This book focuses on the role of artificial
intelligence along with Internet of Medical Things ( IoMT) and
Telemedicine, studying the advantages that can be drawn by the
integration of these technologies and introducing evolving methodologies
to develop frameworks for the integration of IoMT and Telemedicine”--
Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022000737 (print) | LCCN 2022000738 (ebook) | ISBN
9781668435335 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781668435342 (ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Artificial Intelligence | Internet of Things | Medical
Informatics Applications | Telemedicine
Classification: LCC R859.7.A78 (print) | LCC R859.7.A78 (ebook) | NLM W
26.55.A7 | DDC 610.285--dc23/eng/20220131
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000737
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000738

This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP)
(ISSN: 2327-9354; eISSN: 2327-9370)
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the
authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [e-mail].
Advances in Medical
Technologies and Clinical
Practice (AMTCP) Book Series
Srikanta Patnaik
SOA University, India
Priti Das
S.C.B. Medical College, India
ISSN:2327-9354
EISSN:2327-9370
Mission
Medical technological innovation continues to provide avenues of research for faster and safer diagnosis
and treatments for patients. Practitioners must stay up to date with these latest advancements to provide
the best care for nursing and clinical practices.
The Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP) Book Series brings
together the most recent research on the latest technology used in areas of nursing informatics, clinical
technology, biomedicine, diagnostic technologies, and more. Researchers, students, and practitioners
in this field will benefit from this fundamental coverage on the use of technology in clinical practices.
Coverage
• Patient-Centered Care
IGI Global is currently accepting manuscripts
• Telemedicine
for publication within this series. To submit a pro-
• E-Health
posal for a volume in this series, please contact our
• Medical Informatics
Acquisition Editors at [e-mail]
• Clinical Studies
or visit: http://www.igi-global.com/publish/.
• Neural Engineering
• Clinical Nutrition
• Nutrition
• Clinical High-Performance Computing
• Medical Imaging
The Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP) Book Series (ISSN 2327-9354) is published by IGI Global, 701
E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033-1240, USA, www.igi-global.com. This series is composed of titles available for purchase individu-
ally; each title is edited to be contextually exclusive from any other title within the series. For pricing and ordering information please visit
http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-medical-technologies-clinical-practice/73682. Postmaster: Send all address changes to above
address. © © 2023 IGI Global. All rights, including translation in other languages reserved by the publisher. No part of this series may be
reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or informa-
tion and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom
teaching purposes. The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global.
Titles in this Series
For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-medical-technolo-
gies-clinical-practice/73682
Machine Learning and AI Techniques in Interactive Medical Imag Analysis
Lipismita Panigrahi (OP Jindal University, India) Sandeep Biswal (OP Jindal University, India) Akash Kumar
Bhoi (Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT), India) Akhtar Kalam (Victoria University, Australia) and
Paolo Barsocchi (Institute of Information Science and Technologies, Italy)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2023 • 315pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781668446713) • US $380.00
Exploring the Convergence of Computer and Medical Science Through Cloud Healthcare
Ricardo Queirós (ESMAD, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal) Bruno Cunha (PORTIC, Portugal) and Xavier
Fonseca (PORTIC, Portugal)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2023 • 300pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781668452608) • US $435.00
AI-Enabled Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Approaches for Healthcare Management
Sandeep Kautish (Lord Buddha Education Foundation, Nepal) and Gaurav Dhiman (Government Bikram College
of Commerce, India & Lebanese American University, Lebanon)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2022 • 274pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781668444054) • US $420.00
Leveraging AI Technologies for Preventing and Detecting Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death
Pradeep Nijalingappa (Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere, India) Sandeep Kautish (Lord
Buddha Education Foundation, Nepal) Mangesh M. Ghonge (Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre,
India) and Renjith V. Ravi (MEA Engineering College, India)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2022 • 263pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799884439) • US $435.00
Smart Healthcare for Sustainable Urban Development
Rosy Madaan (Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, India) Komal Kumar Bhatia (J.C.
Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, India) Supriya P. Panda (Manav Rachna International Insti-
tute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India) Vishal Jain (Sharda University, India) and Payal Gulati (J.C. Bose
University of Science and Technology, YMCA, India)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2022 • 269pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781668425084) • US $325.00
Advancement, Opportunities, and Practices in Telehealth Technology
S.N. Kumar (Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, India) Sundaravaradhan Suresh (KPR Institute of Engineering
and Technology, India) Padmanabhan Vivekananth (ISBAT University, Uganda) and Sherin Zafar (Jamia Ham-
dard, India)
Medical Information Science Reference • © 2022 • 342pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781668452318) • US $380.00
701 East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Tel: [phone] x100 • Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail] • www.igi-global.com
Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xviii
Chapter 1
IoTandHealthcare:StudyofConceptualFrameworkandApplications................................................1
Sunil Kr Pandey, Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
Shweta Pandey, Independent Researcher, India
Chapter 2
IoTinE-Health,AssistedLiving,andE-Wellness................................................................................17
Mohammad Abdul Azim, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Ethel Merry, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Jigmey Gyalmo, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Zulfikar Alom, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Chapter 3
TowardsBuildingInternet-of-Things-InclusiveHealthcareforNeglectedTropicalDiseases.............39
Mohammad Tariq Banday, University of Kashmir, India
Lubna Bhat, University of Kashmir, India
Chapter 4
PrenatalHealthcareFrameworkUsingIoMTDataAnalytics..............................................................76
Rajiv Pandey, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Agnivesh Pandey, D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
Pratibha Maurya, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Guru Dev Singh, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Chapter 5
VirtualReality,Robotics,andArtificialIntelligence:TechnologicalInterventionsinStroke
Rehabilitation......................................................................................................................................105
Aditya Kanade, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Mansi Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Muniyandi Manivannan, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India


Chapter 6
ImplementationofAITechniquesforBioremediationandWastewaterTreatment............................124
Hina Bansal, Amity University, Noida, India
Shambhawi Jha, Amity University, Noida, India
Chapter 7
ExplainableLearningMachinesforSecuringtheIoMTNetworks....................................................135
Izhar Ahmed Khan, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Dechang Pi, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Chapter 8
HeartDiseasePredictionUsingMLAlgorithm.................................................................................155
Atharva Deshmukh, Terna Engineering College, India
Amit Kumar Tyagi, Vellore Institute of Technology, India
Sangita Krishnaram Toppo, Terna Engineering College, India
Chapter 9
ApplicationsofMachineLearninginHealthcare...............................................................................177
Garima Mathur, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Anjana Pandey, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Sachin Goyal, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Chapter 10
AIandMachineLearning:SupervisedLearningTechniquesBasedonIoMT..................................196
Manisha Verma, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hindustan College of
Science and Technology, Farah, India
Chapter 11
DHM2-TSFrameworkforEvaluationofTele-HealthPlatformsandSolutions:AMultiUser-
CenteredPerspective...........................................................................................................................207
Uma Nambiar, Digital Health India Association, India
Ayushi Tandon, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
Avinash Kumar Gupta, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal
Madhava Sai Sivapuram, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, India
Vijayasimha Ajarananda, Audicor Cardiometrics Pvt. Ltd., India
Chapter 12
SuicidalAnalysisonSocialNetworksUsingMachineLearning.......................................................230
Kanojia Sindhuben Babulal, Central University of Jharkhand, India
Bashu Kumar Nayak, Central University of Jharkhand, India

Chapter 13
ApplicationsofDistributedLedger(Blockchain)TechnologyinE-Healthcare.................................248
Atharva Deshmukh, Terna Engineering College, India
Amit Kumar Tyagi, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Harshadi Hansora, Terna Engineering College, India
Sanjana Chelat Menon, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, India
Chapter 14
ALowCost,PowerEfficient,SocialDistancingNotificationEmbeddedSystemBasedon
IntelligentWirelessSensorNetwork...................................................................................................262
Chiang Liang Kok, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Chapter 15
Li-Ion-BasedDCUPSforRemoteApplication..................................................................................276
Chiang Liang Kok, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Yansen Setyadi, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Compilation of References...............................................................................................................290
About the Contributors....................................................................................................................333
Index...................................................................................................................................................338
Detailed Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xviii
Chapter 1
IoTandHealthcare:StudyofConceptualFrameworkandApplications................................................1
Sunil Kr Pandey, Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
Shweta Pandey, Independent Researcher, India
Internetofthings(IoT)definesanetworkofvirtualrealityobjects,software,andothertechnologies
forthepurposeofconnectingandexchangingdatawithotherdevicesandapplicationsontheinternet.
The‘object’mayrefertoaconnectedmedicaldevice,abiochiptransponder(thinklivestock),asolar
panel,aconnectedmotorwithsensorsthatnotifythedriverofanumberofpotentialproblems(fuel,tire
pressure,necessaryadjustments,andmore),oranyobject,sensory,competenttocollectandtransferdata
overthenetwork.TheuseofIoTtechnologyisextensive,asitisflexibleinalmostanytechnologythat
canproviderelevantinformationonitsperformance,andevenenvironmentalconditionsthatneedto
bemonitoredandremotelycontrolled.OtherusesincludetheintegrationofIoTtechnologyinhospital
beds,providedwithsmartbeds,equippedwithspecialsensorstodetectvitalsigns,bloodpressure,
oximeter,andbodytemperature,amongothers.Thischapterattemptstoexploreandunderstandashow
IoTisusedinthehealthcaresector.
Chapter 2
IoTinE-Health,AssistedLiving,andE-Wellness................................................................................17
Mohammad Abdul Azim, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Ethel Merry, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Jigmey Gyalmo, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Zulfikar Alom, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Consideringtheimmenseassistanceoftheinternetofthings(IoT)inseveralindustries,includingthe
healthcareIoT(H-IoT)andinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT),ithasperformedbetternotonlyinthe
hardwarebutintheunderlyingsoftwarecategoriesaswell.WhiletheuseofIoTintheparadigmof
healthcareissalient,expectationsonimprovementsontheinfrastructureareafewoftheincidentsthat
oughttobeaddressed.Appreciatingandacknowledgingtheabove,inthischapter,theauthorsintroduced
agenericconceptofH-IoT,developedanappreciationrelating42recentlypublishedarticlesfromthe
timeperiodof2017-2021(relatingCOVID-19),critiqued,andalsoprovidedthefuturedirectionsof
H-IoT/IoMTintheperspectiveofCOVID-19pandemic.



Chapter 3
TowardsBuildingInternet-of-Things-InclusiveHealthcareforNeglectedTropicalDiseases.............39
Mohammad Tariq Banday, University of Kashmir, India
Lubna Bhat, University of Kashmir, India
Thisworkpresentsacomprehensivereviewofe-healthandd-healthsystemsandtheindividualcomponents
usedineach.Itpresentsinformationandcommunicationtechnologiestodetect,control,andmanage
NTDs,highlightingtheirfeaturesandfunctionalities.Thechapterhighlightssomebiosensorsexplicitly
developedtodiagnoseNTDs,pavingthewayforaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthsystemforNTDs.
Thischapterproposesaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthmodelforNTDsofferingspecialservices
toNTD-affectedpeoplebesidesotherfundamentale-healthservicesforasmartermedicalenvironment
forpatients.Themodelshallbeusefultoimplementaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthsystem
includingapplicationsandmobileApps.Thee-healthsystem,includingappandtheapplication,shall
beusefultoNTD-affectedpeople,volunteers,attendants,doctors,andresearchers.Itshallalsobenefit
governments,policymakers,socialactivists,andotherstakeholderstobuildane-healthvision,action
plan,andmonitoringframework.
Chapter 4
PrenatalHealthcareFrameworkUsingIoMTDataAnalytics..............................................................76
Rajiv Pandey, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Agnivesh Pandey, D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
Pratibha Maurya, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Guru Dev Singh, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Inrecentyears,ashospitalsutilizetheinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT)formedicalapplications,edge
computinghasplayedanimportantroleindistanthealthcaresystems.Humanlifehasgottensmarter
intheeraofpervasivecomputing,thankstothenewestbreakthroughsinIoMT,wearablesensors,and
communicationtechnologiestogivesmarthealthcareservices.IoMTcancompletelytransformthe
healthcarebusiness.IoMTusessoftwareandinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)to
connectwearablesensors,patients,healthcareprofessionals,andcarers.Patientsaregivenextensive
supportiveinformationtohelpthemgetthroughtheirrecoveries.Inthischapter,theauthorsaimto
proposeanIoMT-basedhealthcareframeworkcalledprenatalhealthcaresystemofremotemotherand
fetalsurveillancethroughIoMT.ThedatacollectedthroughtheIoMTdeviceswillbetransmittedto
serverandwillbeanalyzedthroughAI/MLmodule.Onthesignalofanyabnormality,thecentralsystem
willalarmattendingdoctorsabouttheindividualmotherandfetustotakenecessaryaction.
Chapter 5
VirtualReality,Robotics,andArtificialIntelligence:TechnologicalInterventionsinStroke
Rehabilitation......................................................................................................................................105
Aditya Kanade, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Mansi Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Muniyandi Manivannan, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Strokeisaleadingcauseofdeathinhumans.IntheUS,someonehasastrokeevery40seconds.More
thanhalfofthestroke-affectedpatientsovertheageof65havereducedmobility.Theprevalenceof
strokeinoursocietyisincreasing;however,sincestrokecomeswithalotofpost-hospitalizationcare,
alotofinfrastructureislackingtocatertothedemandsoftheincreasingpopulationofpatients.Inthis

chapter,theauthorslookatthreetechnologicalinterventionsintheformofmachinelearning,virtual
reality,androbotics.Theylookathowtheresearchisevolvinginthesefieldsandpushingforeasier
andmorereliablewaysforrehabilitation.Theyalsohighlightmethodsthatshowpromiseintheareaof
home-basedrehabilitation.
Chapter 6
ImplementationofAITechniquesforBioremediationandWastewaterTreatment............................124
Hina Bansal, Amity University, Noida, India
Shambhawi Jha, Amity University, Noida, India
Twoenvironmentalproblemsthataffecthumansocietyarepollutionandimproperrubbishmanagement.
Thiscanhappenasaresultofcommonhouseholdandcommercialactivities,anditcouldhaveanimpact
oneveryenvironmentontheworld.Fromeffluentrunofftothedisposalofindustrialwasteandoilspills,
humanactivityhasasignificantlong-termimpactonriversandoceans.Wasteandtoxinscanspread
fordecadesoncetheyenternaturalcycles,causinglong-termdamage.Inordertotreatpollutedmedia,
bioremediationmodifiestheenvironmenttopromotethegrowthandbreakdownofthetargetpollutants
bymicroorganisms.Artificialintelligencetechnologyhastakenonanewsparkleinthecurrentdayby
enteringthebioremediationandwastewatertreatmentfields.Itenablesthecomputertoprogrammeand
carryoutparticulartasksusingwelldevelopedandimplementedmathematicalmethods.Thechapter
discussesAItechniqueslikeartificialneuralnetwork,fuzzylogics,andgeneticalgorithmsusedfor
bioremediationandwastewatertreatment.
Chapter 7
ExplainableLearningMachinesforSecuringtheIoMTNetworks....................................................135
Izhar Ahmed Khan, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Dechang Pi, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Thenecessitytoimprovemodernmedicalnetworkssuchasinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT)tomonitor
patientsandtheirhealthconditionhasraisedduetotheeffectsofpopulationageing,increasingnumber
ofpatients,deficiencyoftreatmentfacilities,andspreadofwidespreaddiseases.However,resisting
cyber-attacksisachallengingconcernforresearchers.Thischapterproposesanexplainablelearning
machines-basedsecurityframeworkfordetectingcyber-attacksagainstIoMTnetworksinreal-time.The
proposedmodelisbasedonthephenomenonofextremelearningmachinestodetectmultiplekindsof
cyber-spaceattackscarriedagainstIoMTsystems.Theauthorsalsoexplainthedetectiondecisionsto
expandtrustmanagementintheemployedmachinelearningalgorithmandfacilitatesecurityprofessionals
tocomprehendtheundiscovereddataevidenceandcausalinference.Experimentsshowtheeffectiveness
oftheproposedapproachsignifyingitsutilityasaworkablesecurityframeworkincontemporarynetworks
ofIoMT-basedhealthcaresystems.