The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine Frameworks and Applications

358 Pages·2022·9.695 MB·English

by  Rajiv Pandey, Amrit Gupta, Agnivesh Pandey

The Internet of Medical
Things (IoMT) and
Telemedicine Frameworks
and Applications
Rajiv Pandey
Amity University, Lucknow, India
Amrit Gupta
MRH, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow,
India
Agnivesh Pandey
D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
A volume in the Advances in Medical
Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP) Book
Series
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pandey, Rajiv, 1966- editor. | Gupta, Amrit, 1963- editor. | Pandey,
Agnivesh, 1975- editor.
Title: The internet of medical things (IoMT) and telemedicine frameworks
and applications / Rajiv Pandey, Amrit Gupta, Agnivesh Pandey, editors.
Description: Hershey, PA : Medical Information Science Reference (an
imprint of IGI Global), [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and
index. | Summary: “This book focuses on the role of artificial
intelligence along with Internet of Medical Things ( IoMT) and
Telemedicine, studying the advantages that can be drawn by the
integration of these technologies and introducing evolving methodologies
to develop frameworks for the integration of IoMT and Telemedicine”--
Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022000737 (print) | LCCN 2022000738 (ebook) | ISBN
9781668435335 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781668435342 (ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Artificial Intelligence | Internet of Things | Medical
Informatics Applications | Telemedicine
Classification: LCC R859.7.A78 (print) | LCC R859.7.A78 (ebook) | NLM W
26.55.A7 | DDC 610.285--dc23/eng/20220131
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000737
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000738

This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice (AMTCP)
(ISSN: 2327-9354; eISSN: 2327-9370)
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Advances in Medical
Technologies and Clinical
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ISSN:2327-9354
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Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xviii
Chapter 1
IoTandHealthcare:StudyofConceptualFrameworkandApplications................................................1
Sunil Kr Pandey, Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
Shweta Pandey, Independent Researcher, India
Chapter 2
IoTinE-Health,AssistedLiving,andE-Wellness................................................................................17
Mohammad Abdul Azim, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Ethel Merry, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Jigmey Gyalmo, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Zulfikar Alom, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Chapter 3
TowardsBuildingInternet-of-Things-InclusiveHealthcareforNeglectedTropicalDiseases.............39
Mohammad Tariq Banday, University of Kashmir, India
Lubna Bhat, University of Kashmir, India
Chapter 4
PrenatalHealthcareFrameworkUsingIoMTDataAnalytics..............................................................76
Rajiv Pandey, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Agnivesh Pandey, D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
Pratibha Maurya, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Guru Dev Singh, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Chapter 5
VirtualReality,Robotics,andArtificialIntelligence:TechnologicalInterventionsinStroke
Rehabilitation......................................................................................................................................105
Aditya Kanade, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Mansi Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Muniyandi Manivannan, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India


Chapter 6
ImplementationofAITechniquesforBioremediationandWastewaterTreatment............................124
Hina Bansal, Amity University, Noida, India
Shambhawi Jha, Amity University, Noida, India
Chapter 7
ExplainableLearningMachinesforSecuringtheIoMTNetworks....................................................135
Izhar Ahmed Khan, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Dechang Pi, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Chapter 8
HeartDiseasePredictionUsingMLAlgorithm.................................................................................155
Atharva Deshmukh, Terna Engineering College, India
Amit Kumar Tyagi, Vellore Institute of Technology, India
Sangita Krishnaram Toppo, Terna Engineering College, India
Chapter 9
ApplicationsofMachineLearninginHealthcare...............................................................................177
Garima Mathur, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Anjana Pandey, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Sachin Goyal, University Institute of Technology RGPV, Bhopal, India
Chapter 10
AIandMachineLearning:SupervisedLearningTechniquesBasedonIoMT..................................196
Manisha Verma, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hindustan College of
Science and Technology, Farah, India
Chapter 11
DHM2-TSFrameworkforEvaluationofTele-HealthPlatformsandSolutions:AMultiUser-
CenteredPerspective...........................................................................................................................207
Uma Nambiar, Digital Health India Association, India
Ayushi Tandon, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
Avinash Kumar Gupta, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal
Madhava Sai Sivapuram, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and
Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, India
Vijayasimha Ajarananda, Audicor Cardiometrics Pvt. Ltd., India
Chapter 12
SuicidalAnalysisonSocialNetworksUsingMachineLearning.......................................................230
Kanojia Sindhuben Babulal, Central University of Jharkhand, India
Bashu Kumar Nayak, Central University of Jharkhand, India

Chapter 13
ApplicationsofDistributedLedger(Blockchain)TechnologyinE-Healthcare.................................248
Atharva Deshmukh, Terna Engineering College, India
Amit Kumar Tyagi, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Harshadi Hansora, Terna Engineering College, India
Sanjana Chelat Menon, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, India
Chapter 14
ALowCost,PowerEfficient,SocialDistancingNotificationEmbeddedSystemBasedon
IntelligentWirelessSensorNetwork...................................................................................................262
Chiang Liang Kok, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Chapter 15
Li-Ion-BasedDCUPSforRemoteApplication..................................................................................276
Chiang Liang Kok, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Yansen Setyadi, Newcastle Australia Institute of Higher Education, Singapore
Compilation of References...............................................................................................................290
About the Contributors....................................................................................................................333
Index...................................................................................................................................................338
Detailed Table of Contents
Preface..................................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xviii
Chapter 1
IoTandHealthcare:StudyofConceptualFrameworkandApplications................................................1
Sunil Kr Pandey, Institute of Technology and Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
Shweta Pandey, Independent Researcher, India
Internetofthings(IoT)definesanetworkofvirtualrealityobjects,software,andothertechnologies
forthepurposeofconnectingandexchangingdatawithotherdevicesandapplicationsontheinternet.
The‘object’mayrefertoaconnectedmedicaldevice,abiochiptransponder(thinklivestock),asolar
panel,aconnectedmotorwithsensorsthatnotifythedriverofanumberofpotentialproblems(fuel,tire
pressure,necessaryadjustments,andmore),oranyobject,sensory,competenttocollectandtransferdata
overthenetwork.TheuseofIoTtechnologyisextensive,asitisflexibleinalmostanytechnologythat
canproviderelevantinformationonitsperformance,andevenenvironmentalconditionsthatneedto
bemonitoredandremotelycontrolled.OtherusesincludetheintegrationofIoTtechnologyinhospital
beds,providedwithsmartbeds,equippedwithspecialsensorstodetectvitalsigns,bloodpressure,
oximeter,andbodytemperature,amongothers.Thischapterattemptstoexploreandunderstandashow
IoTisusedinthehealthcaresector.
Chapter 2
IoTinE-Health,AssistedLiving,andE-Wellness................................................................................17
Mohammad Abdul Azim, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Ethel Merry, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Jigmey Gyalmo, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Zulfikar Alom, Asian University for Women, Chittogram, Bangladesh
Consideringtheimmenseassistanceoftheinternetofthings(IoT)inseveralindustries,includingthe
healthcareIoT(H-IoT)andinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT),ithasperformedbetternotonlyinthe
hardwarebutintheunderlyingsoftwarecategoriesaswell.WhiletheuseofIoTintheparadigmof
healthcareissalient,expectationsonimprovementsontheinfrastructureareafewoftheincidentsthat
oughttobeaddressed.Appreciatingandacknowledgingtheabove,inthischapter,theauthorsintroduced
agenericconceptofH-IoT,developedanappreciationrelating42recentlypublishedarticlesfromthe
timeperiodof2017-2021(relatingCOVID-19),critiqued,andalsoprovidedthefuturedirectionsof
H-IoT/IoMTintheperspectiveofCOVID-19pandemic.



Chapter 3
TowardsBuildingInternet-of-Things-InclusiveHealthcareforNeglectedTropicalDiseases.............39
Mohammad Tariq Banday, University of Kashmir, India
Lubna Bhat, University of Kashmir, India
Thisworkpresentsacomprehensivereviewofe-healthandd-healthsystemsandtheindividualcomponents
usedineach.Itpresentsinformationandcommunicationtechnologiestodetect,control,andmanage
NTDs,highlightingtheirfeaturesandfunctionalities.Thechapterhighlightssomebiosensorsexplicitly
developedtodiagnoseNTDs,pavingthewayforaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthsystemforNTDs.
Thischapterproposesaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthmodelforNTDsofferingspecialservices
toNTD-affectedpeoplebesidesotherfundamentale-healthservicesforasmartermedicalenvironment
forpatients.Themodelshallbeusefultoimplementaninternetofthings-inclusivee-healthsystem
includingapplicationsandmobileApps.Thee-healthsystem,includingappandtheapplication,shall
beusefultoNTD-affectedpeople,volunteers,attendants,doctors,andresearchers.Itshallalsobenefit
governments,policymakers,socialactivists,andotherstakeholderstobuildane-healthvision,action
plan,andmonitoringframework.
Chapter 4
PrenatalHealthcareFrameworkUsingIoMTDataAnalytics..............................................................76
Rajiv Pandey, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Agnivesh Pandey, D.A-V. College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
Pratibha Maurya, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Guru Dev Singh, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Inrecentyears,ashospitalsutilizetheinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT)formedicalapplications,edge
computinghasplayedanimportantroleindistanthealthcaresystems.Humanlifehasgottensmarter
intheeraofpervasivecomputing,thankstothenewestbreakthroughsinIoMT,wearablesensors,and
communicationtechnologiestogivesmarthealthcareservices.IoMTcancompletelytransformthe
healthcarebusiness.IoMTusessoftwareandinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)to
connectwearablesensors,patients,healthcareprofessionals,andcarers.Patientsaregivenextensive
supportiveinformationtohelpthemgetthroughtheirrecoveries.Inthischapter,theauthorsaimto
proposeanIoMT-basedhealthcareframeworkcalledprenatalhealthcaresystemofremotemotherand
fetalsurveillancethroughIoMT.ThedatacollectedthroughtheIoMTdeviceswillbetransmittedto
serverandwillbeanalyzedthroughAI/MLmodule.Onthesignalofanyabnormality,thecentralsystem
willalarmattendingdoctorsabouttheindividualmotherandfetustotakenecessaryaction.
Chapter 5
VirtualReality,Robotics,andArtificialIntelligence:TechnologicalInterventionsinStroke
Rehabilitation......................................................................................................................................105
Aditya Kanade, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Mansi Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Muniyandi Manivannan, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Strokeisaleadingcauseofdeathinhumans.IntheUS,someonehasastrokeevery40seconds.More
thanhalfofthestroke-affectedpatientsovertheageof65havereducedmobility.Theprevalenceof
strokeinoursocietyisincreasing;however,sincestrokecomeswithalotofpost-hospitalizationcare,
alotofinfrastructureislackingtocatertothedemandsoftheincreasingpopulationofpatients.Inthis

chapter,theauthorslookatthreetechnologicalinterventionsintheformofmachinelearning,virtual
reality,androbotics.Theylookathowtheresearchisevolvinginthesefieldsandpushingforeasier
andmorereliablewaysforrehabilitation.Theyalsohighlightmethodsthatshowpromiseintheareaof
home-basedrehabilitation.
Chapter 6
ImplementationofAITechniquesforBioremediationandWastewaterTreatment............................124
Hina Bansal, Amity University, Noida, India
Shambhawi Jha, Amity University, Noida, India
Twoenvironmentalproblemsthataffecthumansocietyarepollutionandimproperrubbishmanagement.
Thiscanhappenasaresultofcommonhouseholdandcommercialactivities,anditcouldhaveanimpact
oneveryenvironmentontheworld.Fromeffluentrunofftothedisposalofindustrialwasteandoilspills,
humanactivityhasasignificantlong-termimpactonriversandoceans.Wasteandtoxinscanspread
fordecadesoncetheyenternaturalcycles,causinglong-termdamage.Inordertotreatpollutedmedia,
bioremediationmodifiestheenvironmenttopromotethegrowthandbreakdownofthetargetpollutants
bymicroorganisms.Artificialintelligencetechnologyhastakenonanewsparkleinthecurrentdayby
enteringthebioremediationandwastewatertreatmentfields.Itenablesthecomputertoprogrammeand
carryoutparticulartasksusingwelldevelopedandimplementedmathematicalmethods.Thechapter
discussesAItechniqueslikeartificialneuralnetwork,fuzzylogics,andgeneticalgorithmsusedfor
bioremediationandwastewatertreatment.
Chapter 7
ExplainableLearningMachinesforSecuringtheIoMTNetworks....................................................135
Izhar Ahmed Khan, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Dechang Pi, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Thenecessitytoimprovemodernmedicalnetworkssuchasinternetofmedicalthings(IoMT)tomonitor
patientsandtheirhealthconditionhasraisedduetotheeffectsofpopulationageing,increasingnumber
ofpatients,deficiencyoftreatmentfacilities,andspreadofwidespreaddiseases.However,resisting
cyber-attacksisachallengingconcernforresearchers.Thischapterproposesanexplainablelearning
machines-basedsecurityframeworkfordetectingcyber-attacksagainstIoMTnetworksinreal-time.The
proposedmodelisbasedonthephenomenonofextremelearningmachinestodetectmultiplekindsof
cyber-spaceattackscarriedagainstIoMTsystems.Theauthorsalsoexplainthedetectiondecisionsto
expandtrustmanagementintheemployedmachinelearningalgorithmandfacilitatesecurityprofessionals
tocomprehendtheundiscovereddataevidenceandcausalinference.Experimentsshowtheeffectiveness
oftheproposedapproachsignifyingitsutilityasaworkablesecurityframeworkincontemporarynetworks
ofIoMT-basedhealthcaresystems.