The Internet Encyclopedia, 3 Volume Set (Vol 1-3)

2735 Pages·2004·52.44 MB·English

by  Hossein Bidgoli

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THE
INTERNET
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Volume 1
A–F
Hossein Bidgoli
Editor-in-Chief
California State University
Bakersfield, California
i

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THE
INTERNET
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Volume 1
A–F
Hossein Bidgoli
Editor-in-Chief
California State University
Bakersfield, California
i
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
TheInternetencyclopedia/editedbyHosseinBidgoli.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-22202-X(CLOTHVOL1:alk.paper)–ISBN0-471-22204-6
(CLOTHVOL2:alk.paper)–ISBN0-471-22203-8(CLOTHVOL3:alk.
paper)–ISBN0-471-22201-1(CLOTHSET:alk.paper)
1.Internet–Encyclopedias. I.Bidgoli,Hossein.
TK5105.875.I57I5466 2003
004.67(cid:3)8(cid:3)03–dc21
2002155552
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ii
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Tosomanyfinememoriesofmybrother,Mohsen,forhis
uncompromisingbeliefinthepowerofeducation.
iii
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AAbboouutt tthhee EEddiittoorr--iinn--CChhiieeff
Hossein Bidgoli, Ph.D., is Professor of Management information systems, which have been published and
Information Systems at California State University. Dr. presented throughout the world. Dr. Bidgoli also serves
Bidgoli helped set up the first PC lab in the United as the editor-in-chief of Encyclopedia of Information
States.Heistheauthorof43textbooks,27manuals,and Systems.
overfourdozentechnicalarticlesandpapersonvarious Dr.BidgoliwasselectedastheCaliforniaStateUniver-
aspects of computer applications, e-commerce, and sity,Bakersfield’s2001–2002ProfessoroftheYear.
v
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EEddiittoorriiaall BBooaarrdd
EricT.Bradlow EphraimR.McLean
TheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityof GeorgiaStateUniversity,Atlanta
Pennsylvania
DavidE.Monarchi
KaiCheng UniversityofColorado,Boulder
LeedsMetropolitanUniversity,
UnitedKingdom RaymondR.Panko
UniversityofHawaiiatManoa
MaryJ.Cronin
BostonCollege NormanM.Sadeh
CarnegieMellonUniversity
JamesE.Goldman
JudithC.Simon
PurdueUniversity
TheUniversityofMemphis
MarilynGreenstein
VasjaVehovar
ArizonaStateUniversityWest
UniversityofLjubljana,Slovenia
VarunGrover RussellS.Winer
UniversityofSouthCarolina NewYorkUniversity
vi
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CCoonntteennttss
ChapterListbySubjectArea xii Click-and-BrickElectronicCommerce 185
Contributors xv CharlesSteinfield
Preface xxiii
Client/ServerComputing 194
GuidetotheInternetEncyclopedia xxvi
DanielJ.McFarland
CollaborativeCommerce(C-commerce) 204
Volume 1 RodneyJ.Heisterberg
ActiveServerPages 1 CommonGatewayInterface(CGI)Scripts 218
J.ChristopherSandvig StanKurkovsky
ActiveX 11
ComputerLiteracy 229
RomanErenshteyn
HosseinBidgoli
ActiveXDataObjects(ADO) 25
ComputerSecurityIncidentResponse
BhushanKapoor
Teams(CSIRTs) 242
ApplicationServiceProviders(ASPs) 36 RaymondR.Panko
H.-ArnoJacobsen
ComputerVirusesandWorms 248
Authentication 48 RobertSlade
PatrickMcDaniel
ConductedCommunicationsMedia 261
BenchmarkingInternet 57 ThomasL.Pigg
VasjaVehovarandVesnaDolnicar
ConsumerBehavior 272
BiometricAuthentication 72 MaryFinleyWolfinbargerandMaryC.Gilly
James.L.Wayman
Consumer-OrientedElectronicCommerce 284
BluetoothTM—AWirelessPersonal HenryChan
AreaNetwork 84
BrentA.Miller ConvergenceofData,Sound,andVideo 294
GaryJ.Krug
BusinessPlansforE-commerceProjects 96
AmyW.Ray CopyrightLaw 303
GeraldR.Ferrera
Business-to-Business(B2B)Electronic
Commerce 106 CustomerRelationshipManagement
JulianJ.Ray ontheWeb 315
RussellS.Winer
Business-to-Business(B2B)Internet
BusinessModels 120 CybercrimeandCyberfraud 326
Dat-DaoNguyen CamilleChin
Business-to-Consumer(B2C)Internet Cyberlaw:TheMajorAreas,Development,
BusinessModels 129 andProvisions 337
DianeM.Hamilton DennisM.Powers
CapacityPlanningforWebServices 139 Cyberterrorism 353
RobertOshana CharlesW.Jaeger
CascadingStyleSheets(CSS) 152 DatabasesontheWeb 373
FredCondo A.NeilYerkey
C/C++ 164 DataCompression 384
MarioGiannini Chang-SuKimandC.-C.JayKuo
Circuit,Message,andPacketSwitching 176 DataMininginE-commerce 400
RobertH.Greenfield SviatoslavBraynov
vii
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viii CONTENTS
DataWarehousingandDataMarts 412 Encryption 686
ChuckKelley AriJuels
DenialofServiceAttacks 424 EnhancedTV 695
E.EugeneSchultz JimKrause
DevelopingNations 434 EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP) 707
NanetteS.Levinson ZinovyRadovilsky
DHTML(DynamicHyperTextMarkup E-systemsfortheSupportof
Language) 444 ManufacturingOperations 718
CraigD.Knuckles RobertH.Lowson
DigitalCommunication 457 ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML) 732
RobertW.HeathJr.,andAtulA.Salvekar RichDorfman
DigitalDivide 468 ExtensibleStylesheetLanguage(XSL) 755
JaimeJ.Da´vila JesseM.Heines
Extranets 793
DigitalEconomy 477
StephenW.Thorpe
NirvikarSingh
FeasibilityofGlobalE-businessProjects 803
DigitalIdentity 493
PeterRavenandC.PatrickFleenor
DrummondReedandJerryKindall
FileTypes 819
DigitalLibraries 505
JenniferLagier
CavanMcCarthy
Firewalls 831
DigitalSignaturesandElectronicSignatures 526
JamesE.Goldman
RaymondR.Panko
FuzzyLogic 841
DisasterRecoveryPlanning 535
Yan-QingZhang
MarcoCremoniniandPierangelaSamarati
Volume 2
DistanceLearning(VirtualLearning) 549
ChrisDede,TaraBrown-L’Bahy,DianeKetelhut,
GameDesign:GamesfortheWorldWideWeb 1
andPamelaWhitehouse BruceR.Maxim
DownloadingfromtheInternet 561 GenderandInternetUsage 12
KuberMaharjan RubyRoyDholakia,NikhileshDholakia,
andNirKshetri
E-businessROISimulations 577
EdwinE.Lewis GeographicInformationSystems(GIS)
andtheInternet 23
E-government 590
HalukCetin
ShannonSchelinandG.DavidGarson
GlobalDiffusionoftheInternet 38
ElectronicCommerceandElectronic
NikhileshDholakia,RubyRoyDholakia,
Business 601
andNirKshetri
CharlesSteinfield
GlobalIssues 52
ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI) 613
BabitaGupta
MatthewK.McGowan
Groupware 65
ElectronicFundsTransfer 624 PierreA.BalthazardandRichardE.Potter
RogerGateandAlecNacamuli
GuidelinesforaComprehensive
ElectronicPayment 635 SecuritySystem 76
DonalO’Mahony MargaritaMariaLenk
ElectronicProcurement 645 HealthInsuranceandManagedCare 89
RobertH.Goffman EtienneE.Pracht
E-mailandInstantMessaging 660 HealthIssues 104
JimGrubbs DavidLukoffandJayneGackenbach
E-marketplaces 671 HistoryoftheInternet 114
PaulR.Prabhaker JohnSherryandColleenBrown