The Internationalization of Higher Education and Business Schools: A Critical Review

93 Pages·2016·2.335 MB·English

by  Gabriel Hawawini (auth.)

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN BUSINESS
Gabriel Hawawini
The Internationalization
of Higher Education and
Business Schools
A Critical Review
123
SpringerBriefs in Business
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8860
Gabriel Hawawini
The Internationalization
of Higher Education
and Business Schools
A Critical Review
123
GabrielHawawini
INSEAD
Fontainebleau
France
and
INSEAD
Singapore
Singapore
ISSN 2191-5482 ISSN 2191-5490 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inBusiness
ISBN978-981-10-1755-1 ISBN978-981-10-1757-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1757-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016943856
©TheAuthor(s)2016
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Acknowledgment
TheauthorwishestothankArnoudDeMeyer(SingaporeManagementUniversity),
Soumitra Dutta (Cornell University), Laurent Jacque (Tufts University), Mitchell
Koza (Rutgers University), Roger Mesznik (Columbia University), Kris Olds
(Wisconsin University), Jasjit Singh (INSEAD), and anonymous referees for their
comments. Some of the ideas developed in this book were first presented at a
conference “The Future of the Corporation” organized by the SEI Center for
Advanced Studies in Management at the Wharton School of the University of
Pennsylvania during November 16–17, 2006.
v
Contents
1 Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 What Is Internationalization?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Defining Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 The Internationalization of Universities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 The Internationalization of Business Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4 A Search for More Comprehensive Measures
of Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Internationalization: Motives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1 Academic Motives for Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.1 Internationalizing to Fulfill the Institution’s
Educational Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.2 Internationalizing to Remain Academically Relevant
in an Interconnected World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.3 Internationalizing to Attract the Best Students
and Faculty Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 Economic Motives of Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.1 Internationalizing to Grow Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.2 Internationalizing to Reduce Operating Risk
via Geographical Diversification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.3 Internationalizing to Fund Activities on the Home
Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 Evidence from US Higher Education Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.4 Internationalizing to Learn from the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 Internationalization: Obstacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1 Academic Obstacles to Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.1 Faculty Ambivalence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.2 Potential Dilution of Reputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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4.1.3 Institutional Obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1.4 Regulatory Obstacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2 Economic Obstacles to Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2.1 Time-Related Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2.2 Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2.3 Lower Financial Support from International Alumni. . . . . 31
4.3 The Internationalization Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 International Reach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.1 The Architecture of Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 Importers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.3 Exporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.4 Virtual Exporters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.5 Academic Joint-Ventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.6 Academic Partnerships and Alliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.7 Campuses Abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6 International Richness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.1 Cultural Dominance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2 Assimilation Traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.1 The Institutional Assimilation Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.2 The Individual Assimilation Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7 The Internationalization Matrix: Alternative Types
of Higher Education Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
7.1 National Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.2 International Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.3 Cosmopolitan Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.4 Institutions with Campuses Abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
7.5 Multicampus Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7.6 Multinational Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.7 Transnational Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
8 The Metanational Higher Education Institution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
8.1 Metanational Campus Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.2 Metanational Governance and Organizational Structure. . . . . . . . 72
8.3 Knowledge Creation in a Multipolar World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.4 The End of the Comprehensive Research University
as We Know It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
8.5 Implementation Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
8.6 Concluding Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Contents ix
9 Summary of Major Points and Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
9.1 Defining Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
9.2 Measuring Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
9.3 The Top-Down Internationalization Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.4 The De Novo Internationalization Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.5 Internationalization as a Learning Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.6 The Internationalization Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
9.7 The Architecture of Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.8 International Reach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.9 International Richness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.10 The Individual Assimilation Trap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.11 The Institutional Assimilation Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.12 The Internationalization Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
9.13 The Metanational Higher Education Institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9.14 Policy Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
About the Author
GabrielHawawini isProfessorofFinanceatINSEAD(gabriel.hawawini@insead.
edu).HeheldtheHenryGrunfeldChairinInvestmentBankingfrom1996to2013
andservedasDeanfrom2000to2006,spearheadingtheschool’sglobalexpansion.
He is also a Visiting Professor at the Wharton School of the University of
Pennsylvania where he received the Helen Kardon Moss Anvil Award for
Excellence in Teaching (1988).
PriortojoiningINSEADin1982,hetaughtatNewYorkUniversity,Columbia
University, and the City University of New York where he received the
PresidentialAwardforDistinguishedFacultyScholarship(1982).Hehasauthored
13 books, two online courses, and over 70 research papers. His most recent book,
FinanceforExecutives:ManagingforValueCreation,publishedin2015,hasbeen
translated into several languages.
Gabriel is the recipient of the Fulbright Award for Global Business Education
(2004), the French Legion of Honor (2005), and the Chief Executive Leadership
Award (2006) presented by the Council for Advancement and Support of
Education.
He chaired the Equis accreditation board of the European Foundation for
Management Education (2004–2011) and served on the board of directors of
Vivendi,S&BMinerals,andRémyCointreau.Heiscurrentlyontheadvisoryboard
ofAlphaOneCapitalLLP,theboardoftrusteesoftheUniversityofthePeopleand
the advisory board of several higher education institutions around the world,
including MIT Sloan and Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar.
Gabriel received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Chemical Engineering
from the University of Toulouse (1971 and 1972) and his Doctorate in Economics
and Finance from New York University (1977). He was awarded Honorary
DoctoratesfromtheUniversityofLiègeinBelgium(2005),theArtCenterCollege
of Design in Pasadena, California (2005), and the American University in Cairo
(2010).
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