The International Commission of Jurists: Global Advocates for Human Rights

377 Pages·1994·4.68 MB·English

by  Howard B. Tolley Jr.

The International Commission of
Jurists
University of Pennsylvania Press
Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights
Edited by BertB.Lockwood, Jr.
A complete listing of the books in this series
appears at the backof thisvolume.
The International
Commission of
Jurists
Global Advocatesfor Human
Rights
Howard B.Tolley,Jr.
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia
Copyright © 1994bythe University of Pennsylvania Press
Allrights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tolley, Howard.
The International Commission ofJurists: global advocates for
human rights IHoward B.Tolley,Jr.
p. cm.-(Pennsylvania studies in human rights)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8122-3254-2
1. International Commission ofJurists (1952- ) 2. Rule of law.
3. Human rights. I. Title. II. Series.
KII0.I46T65 1994
341.4'81-dc20 94-4457
CIP
This work isdedicated to the spirit of my son, Naren Justin Tolley,
who died ten days after his seventeenth birthday onJanuary 29, 1991.
A poem Naren wrote appears below as a father's
TRIBUTE
This poem isfor you
In this feeling of excitement which never dies
This isfor the power you have to bring people alive
With your strong reassuring hands
Lifting us to the summit of emotions
Your powerful voice willing us to endeavor past our dreams
A search for inner fulfillment your powerful form
Rising from the churches, synagogues, temples and forest
Leaping like a panther
Strong and able to race into any soul in the farthest recess of
the mind
Always helping
Always strong
Never a dim spirit dispelling doubt
This poem isfor you-will of man.
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Contents
List of Illustrations IX
Acknowledgments Xl
Preface XlII
Introduction: Human Rights NGOs, World Politics, and
International Law
Part I. 1952-1955: Cold Warriors against Socialist
Legality
1.Recruiting Free World Jurists 25
Part II. 1956-1963: Liberal Idealists for the Rule of Law
2. Organizing a Global Network 49
3. Defining the Rule of Law 68
4. Protecting Victims 79
Part III. 1963-1970: NGO Pioneers for International
Human Rights
5. Building Coalitions for Global Change 97
6. Responding to Crisis 114
viII Contents
Part IV. 1970-1990: Elite Advocates for Economic and
SocialJustice
7. Mobilizing Advocates for Development 137
8. Setting Standards and Procedures 165
9. Enforcing Civil Liberties 187
10.Representing the Bench and Bar 218
Part V. 1990-1993: Third World Leadership for a New
Order
11.Turning Forty 243
Conclusion: Politics, Law, and Human Rights NGOs 271
Appendices
1.ICJ/CIJL National Sections and Affiliates, 1993 283
2. ICJ/CIJL Periodicals, Yearbooks, and Activity Reports 287
Notes 289
Bibliography 333
Index 345
Illustrations
TABLES
1.1. ICJ Officers, Members, and Meetings, 1952-1955 37
2.1. ICJ Officers, Members, and Meetings, 1956-1963 56
2.2. ICJ Regional Contacts as of 1963 59
3.1. ICJ Reports Defining the Rule of Law 75
5.1. ICJ Officers, Members, and Meetings, 1963-1970 103
7.1. Revenue Sources for ICJ Expenses, 1990 143
7.2. ICJ Officers, Members, and Meetings, 1970-1990 158
7.3. ICJ Regional Contacts as of 1970 and 1990 160
9.1. ICJ Protection Activities, 1970-1990 194
10.1. CIJL Directors and Advisory Board, 1978-1992 220
10.2. CIJL Protection Activities, 1978-1992 222
11.1. ICJ Officers, Members, and Meetings, 1990-1993 251
11.2. IC] Regional Contacts as of 1990-1993 253
PHOTOGRAPHS
1.Secretary A.J. M. "Bart" van Dal of the Netherlands 32
and former u.S. High Commissioner in Berlin John J.
McCloy at an April 10, 1956 New York City Bar
Association meeting.
2. Dudley BonsaI, the first Executive Committee 35
chairman, addressing the 1956 New York City Bar
Association meeting.
3. Norman S. Marsh, ICJ Secretary-General from 1956 53
to 1958, and Administrative Secretary Edward Kozera.
4. Sean MacBride, ICJ Secretary-General from 1963 to 101
1970.