The Institutions of Extraterrestrial Liberty

521 Pages·2023·4.752 MB·English

by  Charles S. Cockell (editor)

The Institutions of Extraterrestrial Liberty

The Institutions of
Extraterrestrial Liberty
Editedby
CHARLES S. COCKELL
SchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofEdinburgh,UK
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP,
UnitedKingdom
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Contents
ListofContributors xv
Introduction 1
CharlesS.Cockell
References 4
1. Arewereadyfornewliberties?Stewardingmutuallyassured
autonomythroughplace-basedexperiments 5
ZarinahKarimAgnew,EldridgeCruse,KevinBruce,Engelbert
WilfredPerlas,andJosephKrauter
1. TowardsPosthumanism 5
2. MutuallyAssuredStewardedAutonomy 7
3. Place-basedExperimentalSpacesinFutureCraftingand
SocialInnovation 8
4. WisdomsoftheFormerlyIncarcerated 10
4.1 Socialorderemergesinalteredplaces 10
5. PrinciplesofNewLiberties—LessonsfromPlace-based
StewardedMutualAutotomy 12
5.1 Whatcanbelearntforextra-terrestriallibertiesfrom
incarceration? 12
5.2.1 Socialfreedom 13
5.2.2 Anti-individualisticindividualityandtransindividuation 13
5.2.3 Self-determinationandalternativejustices 14
5.2.4 Constituentpower(potenza) 17
5.2.5 Theevolutionandsocialreproductionofliberty 18
6. ConclusionsandSpeculativeFutures 19
References 21
2. Thevoyageof600years:Theethicalgovernanceofaworldship 23
StephenBaxter
1. Introduction 23
2. Worldships:FactandFiction 23
2.1 Worldships:Fact 24
2.2 Worldships:Fiction 24
3. Worldships—CostsandGoals 25
3.1 Costs 25
3.2 Goals 26
4. Worldships—EthicalChallengesandSolutions 27
4.1 Freedomofmovement 27
4.2 Environmentalrichness;vocationalchoices 28
5. PopulationControl 28
5.1 Populationmaximaandculturalminima 28
vi CONTENTS
5.2 Reproductionrules 29
5.3 Populationcontrol:Applyingtherules 30
6. CulturalDrift 31
7. EthicalDilemmasandSolutions 32
7.1 Moralityandcontext 32
7.2 Solutions:Technology 33
7.3 Solutions:Socialforms 34
7.4 Solutions:Shipsize 34
8. Conclusion 34
References 35
3. Art,institutions,andlibertyinextraterrestrialcommunities 38
AnnaleaBeattie
References 45
4. Spaceforopportunity:Transculturalandtransnational
sourcesofextraterrestrialliberty 46
MukeshChimanBhatt
1. Introduction 46
2. Context:Air,Water,Nutrients,Power 48
3. PatentsandPower 51
3.1 Patents:Originsandownership 51
3.2 Socialstructure 52
4. AlternativestoPatents 53
5. TransculturalSourcesofLaw 55
6. Discussion 57
7. Conclusions 60
References 61
5. Expansionofhumanityinspace:Utopiaordystopia? 64
OctavioAlfonsoChonTorres
1. UnpleasantSituations 65
2. ASilverLining 66
3. Conclusion 69
References 70
6. Thecosmolegalapproachtohumanactivitiesinouterspace 71
ElenaCirkovic
1. CosmolegalityandtheRoleofTransdisciplinaryThoughtandPractice 72
2. LawBeyondtheHumanApproach 74
3. PluralOntologiesinCosmolegalThinking 76
4. CosmolegalandComplexSystems 78
5. Conclusion 80
Acknowledgements 80
References 81
CONTENTS vii
7. EssayontheScottishIslands,theirlessonsforextraterrestrial
governance,andasketchoftheapplicationsofthisknowledge
tosettlementsbeyondEarth 85
CharlesS.Cockell
1. Introduction 85
2. FromMucktoMars:ASummaryofthePotentialofScottishIslands 86
3. LessonsontheEstablishmentofInitialSettlementsfrom
ScottishIslands 89
3.1 Ontheformsofcommunityandlibertyinsmallsettlements 89
3.2 Ontheformsofgovernanceinmediumsettlements:
Lairdshipversusdemocracy 90
3.3 Largersettlementsandtheirgovernance 92
3.4 Conversation:Anunderappreciatedmechanismof
communitycohesion 93
3.5 Ontheneedforcommonpurposeandthecontroloffaction 94
3.6 Ontheneedforasphereofself-governance 96
3.7 Onthetensionbetweencapitalisticorsocialisteconomics 97
3.8 Ontheroleofinformationindilutingtyranny 98
4. AGeneralSketchoftheTrajectoryofaNewExtraterrestrial
SettlementConstructedfromtheExampleofScottishIslands 100
5. Conclusion 103
Acknowledgements 104
References 104
8. ThelawofMars’colonization 106
RaphaëlCosta
1. InternationalSpaceLawtoRegulateMars’Colonization 106
1.1 ThedefinitionofMars’colonization 107
2. TheLegalFoundationofaMartianColony 108
2.1 ThelegalityofMartiancolonizing 108
2.1.1 ThelegalityofthedefinitivehumanoccupationofMars 108
2.1.2 ThelegalityofMars’mining 109
2.1.3 ThelegalityofMars’militarycolonization 110
2.2 ThelegalconditionsofMars’colonization:Respect
ofinternationalspacelawprovisions 110
2.2.1 Exclusivelyusepersonaljurisdiction 110
2.2.2 Protectthesettlers 111
2.2.3 Theenvironmentalobligations:Thehypothesisofterraforming 111
2.2.4 Thecooperationobligations 111
3. TheLegalProblemsofaLong-durationMartianColony 112
3.1 LegalissueswithintheMartianbaseitself 112
3.1.1 Thelegalorganizationofthecolony 112
3.1.2 Thelegalregimesofthehabitats 113
3.1.3 ThelocaluseofMartianresources 113
3.1.4 Theprogressivedevelopmentofinstitutionsandofa
complexlegalsystem 114
viii CONTENTS
3.1.5 ThelegalrelationshipbetweenMartianforeigners 114
3.2 ThelegalrelationshipbetweenMarsandEarth 114
3.2.1 Thelegalstatusofthecolonysolelyinthehandsofthe
EarthState 115
3.2.2 Thehypothesisofacolony’sIndependenceDay 115
3.2.3 Therelevanceofamaintainedunequallinkwiththecolony 116
3.2.4 Theopportunitytocreateastatefreeofterritory 116
3.2.5 Theendofactualspacelaw? 116
4. Conclusion 117
References 117
9. Brighteningtheskies:Institutionalsolutionstothesocietal
andgeopoliticalrisksofspaceexpansionism 119
IanA.Crawford
1. Introduction 119
2. TheThree‘SpaceExpansionisms’ofDanielDeudney 120
3. PlanetaryGovernanceintheTwenty-FirstCentury 121
4. InterplanetaryGovernance 124
5. FederalismasaPreserverofLiberty 128
6. Conclusion 131
Acknowledgements 133
References 135
10. Humanconflictresolutioninanon-Terrancontext 140
JanetdeVigne
1. HumansandConflict 140
2. TheFrontierMentalityanditsDangers 143
3. Inter-humanConflict 145
References 149
11. Scarcityinspace:Challengesforliberty 151
MartinElvis
1. Introduction 151
2. Medium-termPlenty:AFewCenturies 152
2.1 1trillionhumans 152
2.2 Necessarydecentralization 155
2.3 Autarkyisimpossible 155
2.4 Independenceishard 157
2.5 Whymonopolizeinapost-scarcityeconomy? 159
3. Near-termScarcity:AFewDecades 160
3.1 Near-Earthasteroids 160
3.2 Miners’rights? 162
4. TheFounderEffect 164
5. SolvingCommonPoolResourceProblems 164
6. Conclusions 166
Acknowledgments 167
References 169
CONTENTS ix
12. ‘WehavecometoMarsforgood’:Sciencefiction,sovereignty,
andthechallengesofliberty 173
SimonMalpas
1. Introduction:LivingonMars 173
2. ‘For Good’: Politics and Colonization in Kim
StanleyRobinson’sMarsTrilogy 174
3. A‘StateofException’:ThePsychologicalChallenges
ofExtraterrestrialExistence 176
4. ‘ACommonPowertoKeepThemAllinAwe’:Extraterrestrial
Sovereignty 179
5. Writing Liberty: Science Fiction’s Explorations
ofExtraterrestrialSovereignty 182
References 185
13. Securingthelong-termpeacefuluseofspace 187
AllanMcKenna
1. Introduction 187
2. CatastrophicScenariosinDarkSkies 188
2.1 Perpetualwar 188
2.2 Spacedominance 189
2.3 Degradationoftheenvironment 189
2.4 Inadvertentescalation 190
3. CooperationorCompetition? 191
3.1 WholeEarthsecurity 191
3.2 AnewSpaceAge 193
4. SpaceExpansionandDisarmament 195
4.1 OriginsoftheOuterSpaceTreaty 195
4.2 Theproblemofinspection 201
4.3 WorldSpaceAgency 202
5. Long-termSustainabilityofSpaceExpansion 204
6. Conclusion 206
Acknowledgements 206
References 207
14. Indigenousinclusionwithinthedemocratizationofspace 219
TonyMilligan
1. DemocratizingSpace 220
2. DistinctivenessofRole 222
3. ComparisonwithanAppealtoLiberties 226
4. DemocraticConstraining 228
5. Conclusion 230
Acknowledgements 231
References 231
15. Decouplingphysicalandspiritualascentnarrativesin
astronomyandbiology 233
LucasJohnMix
1. Introduction 233