Butterworth-HeinemannisanimprintofElsevierScience. Copyright©2003byDebraM.Amidon.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,without thepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. Recognizingtheimportanceofpreservingwhathasbeenwritten,Elsevier-Scienceprintsits booksonacid-freepaperwheneverpossible. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN:0-7506-7592-6(alk.paper) BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AbouttheCover Theworldisnowourmanageablelandscape.ConnectionsaremadeEasttoWestandNorthto Southwithmanynodesinbetween.ButTheInnovationSuperhighwayisnotonlyaphysical infrastructure,albeitatechnicalandelectronicone.Itishuman—afunctionofinsight,interac- tion,andimaginationresidentintheminds,hearts,andhandsofpeoplearoundtheglobe. Thepublisheroffersspecialdiscountsonbulkordersofthisbook. Forinformation,pleasecontact: ManagerofSpecialSales ElsevierScience 225WildwoodAvenue Woburn,MA01801-2041 Tel:781-904-2500 Fax:781-904-2620 ForinformationonallButterworth-Heinemannpublicationsavailable,contactourWorldWide Webhomepageat:http://www.bh.com 10987654321 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Dedication Dr.GeorgeKozmetsky andhiswife,Ronya Inappreciationofyour inspirationtovalue intellect, innovation,and internationalcollaboration. Throughyourdemonstratedleadership, guidinghandsandopenhearts, youhavebothtouchedme inwaystoonumeroustomention; andIhavegrown, bothpersonallyandprofessionally. Thereisnosubstituteforgenuinecare, supportingtheroadlesstraveled; andithasmadeallthedifference. Foreword W e are now embarking upon the Knowledge Economy; in fact, we haveallplayedaroleinitsevolution.Theopportunitiesarenumerous andthemanagerialchallengesmultifold.TheFutureisjustbeyondthe bend;andhowareweequippedtotakeadvantageoftheopportunities? Doyouseeit…andhaveyouenvisionedyourownroleinit?DebraM. Amidon has outlined the ‘future as an asset’, which goes well beyond the traditional, Tayloristic forms of management. In previous publications as a pioneer of innovation, Debra has definedthecoreprinciplesandoutlinedamethodologyforinnovating enterprises. In this new publication—The Innovation SuperHighway, she defines the critical steps in envisioning our future. In essence, will weseethefutureasanassetoraliability?Amidonoutlinesaconstruc- tive path forward. The newpapers of the present are full of stories of financial crises, failuresandfraud.Itisalsosometimesreferredtoasthetimeofinstitu- tional failures, as phrased by the founder of VISA Mr. Dee W. Hock. We evidently have to step back like the impressionists and Claude Monet—what Amidon defined in her first book—and try to see and reshape the larger pattern. This is also what Amidon is offering in many ways in her work with Entovation—enterprise innovation—a network comprised of theorists and practitioners from around the world. She understands the global Gestalt and where it is going; with her words and collective wisdom, she illuminates our direction. xvii xviii The Innovation Superhighway She is also accompanied by a group of thought leaders called the Entovation (E 100), among who Dr. Thomas F. Malone is saying: “We are at a historical choice point—a defining moment—in deter- mining the kind of world our children will inherit. If we make these choices based only on the models of our industrial age past, we will almostcertainlymissthetrueopportunitiesbeforeus.”Wemustlearn to convert the future into an asset, not a liability, by addressing the opportunity cost of not innovating and continuously renewing. Debra’s assumptions are based upon a new Knowledge Value Proposition beyond cost, quality and time. There are many facets of theemergingfuturetobesystematizedandleveraged.Knowledgeeco- nomicsisoneofthemajorpatterns,contrastedbythepresentstoriesof the financial economics of failing institutions, where the economies seem to be shadowed by the lack of perspectives and insights behind the new intangible economics and intellectual capital. If we miss the perspectives, we might be the victims of impoverishing ourselves by forgetting the heritage. Our future always begins with an investment into what we now call the ‘hidden value’ of the firm. The core of the knowledge economics is knowledge innovation, or the capacity to shape future opportunities. It is think-oriented instead of thing- oriented.Itisamomentumofnaturalevolution.Itcanalsobereferred to as a process of knowledge navigation, i.e. a quest for the enlarged and knowledge explorative learnings of the not knowing. Today or- ganizationsarelabeledascomplexitysystems,chaordicsystemsandbio economics. Transaction values are replaced by interaction values. Similarly, the new proposition is a function of the behavior of the organization—best exemplified by the emergent communities of knowledge within which new leadership lies. Now, we are dependent upon a trust-led leadership based upon values of openness, knowl- edge-sharing and respect for the competencies of one another. Inter- dependence takes on new meaning between functions, sectors, industries and even nations. Value is created in the interconnections and fostered through the quality of conversations virtually and face- to-face. No longer are we limited by the hierarchical, control policies Foreword xix of the past. Our future depends upon our capacity to share leader- ship, listen to the inquiries of others, be courageous in our ability to take responsible risk, and create cultures of knowledge-sharing. Dare we build institutions that seek collaborative—not competitive— advantage? TheInnovationSuperHighwayisbydefinitionglobal.Theemergent technology removes all geographical boundaries. The full potential of these global networks for innovation largely remains untouched and unexplored. Debra maps it all out for us, a bit like explorers started to produce maps of the New World. The new innovation highway is comprised of a series of cross disciplinary forums where the quality of theconversationenabledbythetechnologyandtheforeverexpanding bandwidth is providing an unprecedented platform for innovation. Organizations that miss getting on the train will be irremediably left behind. TheInformationSuperHighwaywasperceivedasavehicleofinfor- mation,computersandtechnology.Withinfewyears,itisobviousthat thehighwayisactuallyoneofsocialnetworksinadditiontothetechni- cal infrastructures. Only through the motivations of people can the ‘network’ come alive; and only with the technology can the cultures of nations—industrialized and developing—realize their full potential. Amidon is right—the innovation process is what brings knowledge aliveandputsittowork.Further,shehasillustratedhowthetechnol- ogyisonlyasusefulashowitisused…andoursustainabilityasaworld isonlyaseffectiveasisourweakestnation.Wenowknowthatinnova- tion is not a function of the technology and that knowledge is what drives the enterprise forward. Debra has placed innovation the central topic of enterprises. More important, she realizes the value of decen- tralized (and yet) networked organizations—something many big organizations are forgetting as they attempt to control the innovation process. Once again, Amidon has moved the finish line—and appropriately so—tostretchourimaginationsofhowwemightarchitectourfuture. She has been the guardian of the knowledge movement and with this xx The Innovation Superhighway publication steers our efforts toward profitability and prosperity. This can be viewed as a time element—the longitude dimensions of an organization. In other words, a lateral networked collaborative brain expands the frontiers for new knowing by knowledge insourcing through new alliances. We’ve more to gain with learning from, rather than defeating one another. Amidon’s original concept of Ken— having the knowledge AND a range of vision to apply the knowl- edge—shape our current concepts of Intellectual Capital—something she was publishing in the mid 1980’s. But do not take it from Amidon alone. This book is rich with the insights and observations of professionals from around the world that alsobelievethatanewworldisemergingandweallhavearoletoplay. This might be called intelligent enterprising, as well as innovative societies.TheInnovationSuperhighway providesatangiblehighwayto serveasthemultiplierofintangiblevalue—thenetworkedcompetence for shared prosperity. It offers to leverage the local human capital— primarily the component of the brain such as intellect, insight and imagination—multiplied by the global technology tools often called structural capital, into a growth spiral of innovative value and wealth creation. This will result in emerging intellectual capital, on the indi- vidual level, an enterprise level as well as a society level. Innovation is what gives purpose to the exchange of knowledge. Innovation is the outcome of a knowledge-based interaction. Innova- tionisaboutshapingandarchitectingadesiredfuture.TheInnovation Superhighway tells us how this future will unfold and shows you how you can be part of it. As someone who lives and works in global net- works, Debra is uniquely positioned to be our guide. The Entovation superhighway is the bridging process of organiza- tional capital on a global scale—a springboard opportunity to be grasped.Thelongitudevalueofanorganization,enterpriseorsocietyis tobefoundinitscapacitytoreachout,connectandleveragethecollec- tive competence to take advantage of the future. How will the intelligence flow through the logistics of The Innovation SuperHigh- Foreword xxi way? According to Amidon, the opportunity is ours. Are we ready to accept the challenge? One step toward ‘innovating your future’… August2002 LeifEdvinsson, formerSeniorVicePresidentforIntellectualCapital, SkandiaAFSandco-authorofIntellectualCapitaland authorofCorporateLongitude(Sweden). HubertSaint-Onge, formerSeniorVicePresidentofClaricaand co-authorofLeveragingCommunitiesofPractice(Canada). JoachimDoering, SeniorVicePresident,InformationCommunicationsNetworks(ICN), Siemens,AG(Germany). Preface Ishallberetellingthiswithasigh Somewhereagesandageshence: Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI— Itooktheonelesstraveledby, Andthathasmadeallthedifference. —RobertFrost T he knowledge movement has literally taken flight—and in only fif- teenshortyears!The“ken”—gainingknowledgeandhavingarangeof vision to put the knowledge into action—has been awakened world- wide;nowitisamatterofharnessingthatcollectiveintellectualtalent to build a sustainable future that does not exist today. Hundreds of thousandsoftheoristsandpractitionersworldwidearetravelinganew path—one destined to lead us to prosperous innovation. In 1996, I documented the knowledge evolution in the book, Inno- vationStrategyfortheKnowledgeEconomy:TheKenAwakening, with a conclusion that was—at the time—an immense stretch of a vision. I argued that such foresight should be bold enough that, when docu- mented into a plan, it was not something that was outdated before actions were operationalized. A strategic vision must be simple, visceral, and magnetic enough to pull the competencies of the public forward. xxiii xxiv The Innovation Superhighway Readerswereinvitedtostepintothenextmillennium,inwhichthe “World Trade of Ideas” was described—“worldwide recognition that intellectual capital is the most valuable resource we have to manage enterprises, nations, and society as a whole.” A challenge was asserted thatthe“flowofknowledgewillenhancethestandardoflivinginevery countryaroundtheglobe”andthata“globalinnovationinfrastructure (GII) serves as the underpinning of the international network for the creation and application of new ideas.” Further,Idescribed,“hundredsoftheoristsandpractitionersinthe new‘communityofknowledgepractice’whowouldconvene…(where) the economic, behavioral, and technological issues are reconciled and opportunities abound for all who participate. Diversity of heritage is respected, and similarities in mission are discovered. A common lan- guage evolves that brings together the foundations of knowledge and theprocessofinnovationthatwereneverconsideredbefore.”Speaking oftherepresentatives,“Theyaredistinguishedintheirfields,butcon- vene together to collaborate with one another on how best to preserve and leverage the best innovation practices for the benefit of human- kind.” Now in 2002, what has happened? Results have been so far beyond expectationsthatitseemsimpossibletoprojectwhereallthismightbe headed; but we will give a try. The language has emerged. Respect for the value of an innovation culture is now obvious. Leaders in the knowledge community and innovation communities—heretofore separate professional directions—are beginning to converge. Innova- tion is no longer creativity…nor is it R&D. An appreciation of the ‘innovation value-system’ (vs. value-chain), customer success (not sat- isfaction)andestablishingcollaborative(notcompetitive)advantageis appreciatedinallaspectsofmanagement—publicandprivate.Noneof this was the case in 1996; today, it is common knowledge. Ireferthoseofyouseekingthe“how”oftheknowledgeeconomyto InnovationStrategyfortheKnowledgeEconomy.There,youwillfindthe rationale,thebusinessproposition,andmodernmanagementpractices embeddedinaninnovationmethodology.Itisdesignedforthosewho Preface xxv have practiced the best of quality, incremental reengineering method- ologies and are ready to transform their organizations with systematic notions of knowledge creation and application. Ourintentwiththispublication,TheInnovationSuperhighway,isto buildontheframeand“movethefinishline.”Inadditiontostrength- ening the “advanced how,” this book provides the “where next.” Now that a shared vision has emerged, and it has; how do we harness the intellectual capital of the world for sustained prosperity? This book is intended for those who have explored the principles of knowledge exchange, knowledge sharing, and knowledge management and are nowreadyforfarmoredynamicmethodsrootedinthebasicsofenter- prisestrategy,measurementofintangiblevalue,andthesymbiosisthat can come only from international leadership. Part 1 defines the new innovation frontier illustrating the global imperative in terms of the new knowledge value proposition resolving the productivity paradox that has plagued enterprise performance for decades. It positions innovation strategy—as opposed to strategic planning—as core to the sustainability of an enterprise, sector, or nation. Part 2 expands the architectural foundation linking measures, structures, people, process, and technology in terms conducive for the knowledgeeconomy.Part3usestheevolutionofourvirtualcompeten- ciesasanexampleoftheglobeasanetwork.Part4illustrateshowthese concepts—purely theoretical only a decade ago—have become funda- mental modern management modus operandi. These are examples of innovationleadershipinpractice—theindividualsandinitiativesthatare shapingthefuture.ThebookcloseswithPart5,TheMillenniumVision, which provides a blueprint for how individuals and organizations can make a contribution to the future realization of building collaborative advantage—a practice that could be a platform for world peace. If you are ready to act on your accumulated learning, this book will be your compass to use in riding the crest of the knowledge wave as it moves toward unchartered territories. Let it be a beginning, an unleashing of your own aspirations—what you know intuitively is managerially obvious. We live in a kaleidoscopic economy, and the