The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications, Volume 2

322 Pages·2022·17.144 MB·English

by  Jorge Morales-Montor

Immunology and
Immune System Disorders

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Immunology and
Immune System Disorders

The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease:
From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications. Volume 2
Jorge Morales-Montor (Editor)
2022. ISBN: 978-1-68507-510-1 (Hardcover)

The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease:
From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications. Volume 1
Jorge Morales-Montor (Editor)
2022. ISBN: 978-1-68507-507-1 (Hardcover)

Vaccines: Operation Warp Speed, Regulation and Safety
Oliver Huerta (Editor)
2021. ISBN: 978-1-53619-059-5 (Hardcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53619-096-0 (eBook)

IgG4 Related Disease: Illustrated Pathology of Novel Systemic Disease
Syuichi Koarada, MD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53618-050-3 (Hardcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53618-051-0 (eBook)

Basics and Fundamentals of Immunology
Manzoor Ahmad Mir, PhD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53616-639-2 (Hardcover)
2019. ISBN: 978-1-53616-640-8 (eBook)

Th17 Cells in Health and Disease
Tsvetelina Velikova, MD, PhD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-152-5 (Hardcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-153-2 (eBook)

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system-disorders/
Jorge Morales-Montor
Editor

The Innate Immune System
in Health and Disease

From the Lab Bench Work to
Its Clinical Implications. Volume 2
Copyright © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/AAYU2878

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Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
Contents

Preface .......................................................................................... vii
Section 1 Innate Immunity and Inflammation ................................1
Chapter 1 The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells
in Homeostasis and in the Pathogenesis
of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ...................................3
Bibiana Patricia Ruiz-Sánchez
and Isabel Wong-Baeza
Chapter 2 The Innate Immune Response
and Its Modulation by Sex Hormones During
Chronic Lung Inflammation ...........................................31
Mireya Becerra-Díaz
Chapter 3 Asthma beyond Adaptive Immunity:
Fighting Corticosteroid Resistance ................................61
Claudia Andrea Morales-Garay,
Claudia Hallal-Calleros
and Claudia A. Garay-Canales
Section 2 Innate Immunity and Non-Classic
Immunomodulators .........................................................87
Chapter 4 Arthritis Rheumatoid Onset
and Development: The Gaze of TLRS ...........................89
Laura del Carmen Sánchez García
Chapter 5 Modulation of the Innate Immune System
by Extracellular Vesicles ............................................... 129
César Díaz-Godínez, Alejandra Garduño-Nieto,
Raúl Bobes-Ruíz and Julio César Carrero
vi Contents
Chapter 6 Enhanced Innate Immune Response:
A Novel Strategy to Interrupt the
Transmission of Diseases by Mosquitoes ..................... 235
Jorge Cime-Castillo, Fabiola Claudio-Piedras,
Valeria Vargas-Ponce de León
and Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
Chapter 7 Modulation of the Innate Immune System
by the Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phtalathes .............................. 271
Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro,
Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola,
Victor Hugo Del Río-Araiza,
Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
and Jorge Morales-Montor
About the Editor ....................................................................................... 295
Index ......................................................................................... 297
Preface

The aim of this book, The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From
the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications – Volume 2, is to provide
updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest
to gather information, carry out new investigations, or to check on clinical
implications of the innate immune system function during disease. This book
is of high priority to people interested in an update on innate immunity.
Volume 2 examines topics such as the participation of the innate immune
system in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory
diseases, the innate immune response and its modulation by sex hormones
during chronic lung inflammation, and asthma beyond adaptive immunity.
Moreover, the role of TLRS during arthritis rheumatoid onset and
development is discussed as well as the modulation of the innate immune
system by extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, a novel strategy to interrupt the
transmission of diseases by mosquitoes and the modulation of the innate
immune system by the endocrine disrupting compounds bisphenol A (BPA)
and phthalates are discussed.
The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench
Work to its Clinical Implications – Volume 2 promises to be a must-have book
on the shelf of all people who want to know about the role of the basic
functioning of the innate immune system in several diseases of actual
relevance to human health.
Chapter 1 - Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes that lack
antigen-specific receptors. ILCs include NK cells, which were described in
1975, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, which were described in 1992,
but it also includes the ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets, which were described
in the late 2010s and produce cytokine profiles that are similar to those
produced by conventional Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. NK cells are cytotoxic
lymphocytes that participate in the immune response to tumors and virus, and
LTi cells are involved in the early development of secondary and tertiary
lymphoid organs. In contrast, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 have been described as
viii Jorge Morales-Montor
helper ILCs, because their main effector function is the production of
cytokines that regulate other immune cells. ILC1 produce IFN-γ, which
activates macrophages, Th1 cells and NK cells. ILC2 produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-
9 and IL-13 and are thus involved in the pathogenesis of allergy and obesity.
ILC3 produce IL-17 and IL-22, and are important for intestinal homeostasis.
These three ILC subsets participate in the innate immune response to
infections, and in the immunopathology of many chronic inflammatory
diseases. Here the authors describe the role of ILCs during homeostasis, in the
immune response to pathogens and in the pathogenesis of obesity, cancer,
asthma, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Chapter 2 - Historically, both basic and clinical biomedical research have
mainly focused on the study of male animals and human subjects, neglecting
important physiological differences between the two biological sexes. Now it
is known that sex hormones are involved in a number of events that mediate
functional differences between females and males, and that these differences
are important in lung diseases such as infections, asthma, and COPD. Sex bias
excluding females as research subjects has resulted in the poor development
of effective therapies for sick women. Here, the authors analyze the
differences in the innate immune response mediated by sex and sex hormones
during chronic lung inflammation. Moreover, the authors address the
importance of studying females and males in animal models, the translation to
women and men in these diseases, and the challenges that include sex and sex
hormones as a biological variable implies.
Chapter 3 - Asthma is a multifaceted heterogeneous syndrome
characterized by hyper-responsiveness of the respiratory tract, bronchial
obstruction, mucus overproduction, and airway remodeling. It is one of the
most rapidly growing disorders, which affects around one-third of the world’s
population. According to WHO statistics, around 461,000 deaths annualy are
attributed to severe disease annually, and most asthma-related deaths occur in
low and middle-income countries. There are increasing reports of resistance
to conventional therapies, such as steroids or bronchodilators. Misdiagnosed
or inadequate treatment leads to poor quality of life and creates a burden on
families, societies, and countries. Its heterogeneity is linked to its
multifactorial nature, which leads to various mechanistic inflammatory
pathways. The common misconception is that asthma is mainly set off by
common allergens like pollen or dust. Furthermore, asthma has been
commonly classified into two main types: allergic and nonallergic.
Nonetheless, this classification appears to be an oversimplification.
Nowadays, asthma can be classified in different endotypes, based on the