The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications, Volume 1

336 Pages·2022·13.153 MB·English

by  Jorge Morales-Montor

Immunology and
Immune System Disorders

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Immunology and
Immune System Disorders

The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease:
From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications. Volume 1
Jorge Morales-Montor (Editor)
2022. ISBN: 978-1-68507-507-1 (Hardcover)

Vaccines: Operation Warp Speed, Regulation and Safety
Oliver Huerta (Editor)
2021. ISBN: 978-1-53619-059-5 (Softcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53619-096-0 (eBook)

IgG4 Related Disease: Illustrated Pathology of Novel Systemic Disease
Syuichi Koarada, MD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53618-050-3 (Hardcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53618-051-0 (eBook)

Basics and Fundamentals of Immunology
Manzoor Ahmad Mir, PhD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53616-639-2 (Hardcover)
2019. ISBN: 978-1-53616-640-8 (eBook)

Th17 Cells in Health and Disease
Tsvetelina Velikova, MD, PhD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-152-5 (Hardcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-153-2 (eBook)

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Manzoor Ahmad Mir, PhD (Editor)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-017-7 (Softcover)
2020. ISBN: 978-1-53617-018-4 (eBook)

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Jorge Morales-Montor
Editor

The Innate Immune System
in Health and Disease

From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical
Implications. Volume 1
Copyright © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/KCVE8303

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ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:27)(cid:24)(cid:19)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:23)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:11)(cid:72)(cid:37)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:78)(cid:12)

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
Contents

Preface .......................................................................................... vii
Section 1 Innate Immunity and Viruses ...........................................1
Chapter 1 Innate Immunity in Chronic HIV Infection:
Relationship Between Viral Reservoir
and Inflammatory Response
and Its Clinical Implications .............................................3
Perla Mariana Del Río-Estrada, Enrique Espinosa
and Mónica Viveros-Rogel
Chapter 2 Vitamin D as a Modulator of the Immune
Response during Viral Infections ...................................93
Georgina I. López-Cortés,
Alejandro Magallanes-Puebla and Enrique Ortega
Chapter 3 Immunometabolic Interactions
in Type 2 Diabetes and SARS-CoV-2
Infection (COVID-19).................................................... 111
Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria and Galileo Escobedo
Section 2 Innate Immunity and Cancer ....................................... 143
Chapter 4 A Dual Role for Neutrophils and Myeloid-
Derived Suppressor Cells in the Development
of Colorectal Cancer ...................................................... 145
C. Ángel Sánchez-Barrera, J. Efraín Olguín
and Luis I. Terrazas
Chapter 5 Plasticity of Natural Killer Cells in Cancer:
Opportunities for Therapy? ......................................... 187
Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
and Jorge Morales-Montor
vi Contents
Chapter 6 The Dual Role of Neutrophils
in Cancer Development ................................................. 211
Eileen Uribe-Querol and Carlos Rosales
Section 3 Innate Immunity and Parasites .................................... 257
Chapter 7 Innate Immunity Against
Toxoplasma gondii Infection ........................................ 259
Carmen T. Gómez de León
and Jorge Morales-Montor
Chapter 8 The Role of the Innate Immune Response
during Helminth Infections ........................................... 279
Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza,
Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
and Jorge Morales-Montor
About the Editor ....................................................................................... 307
Index ......................................................................................... 309
Preface

The aim of this book, The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From
the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications – Volume 1, is to provide
updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest
to gather information, carry out new investigations, and develop novel drugs
that are more effective and do not cause adverse effects targeting the innate
immune system. This book is of high priority to people interested in an update
on innate immunity. Volume 1 examines the participation of innate immunity
in diseases such as infections by viruses, cancer, or parasites. Specifically, this
volume discusses innate immunity as it relates to chronic HIV infection, type
2 diabetes, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as its relationship with vitamin D. The
dual role of neutrophils in cancer development and the plasticity of natural
killer cells are investigated. Also, the immune response to infections from
helminth and Toxoplasma gondii are described.
The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench
Work to its Clinical Implications – Volume 1 promises to be a must-have book
on the shelf of all people who want to know about the role of the basic
functioning of the innate immune system in several diseases of actual
relevance to human health.
Key Features:

• Provides basic and clinical evidence based on molecular interactions
to address the role of innate immunity in viral diseases, such as HIV
and SARS Cov-2
• Discusses the role of vitamin D as modulator of the immune response
during viral infections
• Addresses the immunometabolic interactions in type 2 diabetes and
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)
• Analyzes the dual role for neutrophils and myeloid-derived
suppressor cells in the development of colorectal cancer
viii Jorge Morales-Montor
• Provides evidence of the plasticity of natural killer cells in cancer and
its opportunities for therapy
• Delves into the dual role of neutrophils in cancer development
• Presents updated information on innate immunity against
Toxoplasma gondii infection
• Discusses in depth the role of the innate immune response during
helminth infections

We hope that readers enjoy this book and that it may be of use to all people
involved, from scientists in the lab to clinicians in the field.
Chapter 1 - The innate immune system plays an essential role in
controlling viral infections and represents the first line of defense against
pathogens. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) still remains as a
global disease burden. Despite an effective combined antiretroviral therapy
(cART) to control viral replication and to maintain a chronic infection, it does
not eradicate HIV. During HIV replication, RNA genome undergoes reverse
transcription and integrates the resulting double-stranded HIV DNA into the
cellular genome, constituting HIV proviral DNA, that persists indefinitely in
a small reservoir of latently infected cells and cannot be detected by the
immune system nor targeted by cART. In acute HIV infection, viral load rises
exponentially, and sentinel innate immune cells recognize a wide range of
pathogen-associated molecular patterns through host pattern recognition
receptors (PRRs) as well as cytosolic sensors. The sensing of HIV occurs in
CD4+ cells, including innate immune cells and CD4+ T cells, and activates
intracellular signaling pathways to induce host antiviral response. This
response includes transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-
stimulated genes (ISGs) that restrict virus infection, production of
proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increased levels of
costimulatory molecules which initiate innate antiviral immunity to control
virus spread. Proinflammatory molecules are critical for confining HIV
replication by activating innate immune cells and recruiting to the site of entry
and to local lymphatic tissue. In chronic phase of HIV infection, an
exacerbated and sustained activation of the innate immune system, in
particular the type I interferon (IFN-1) system, is detrimental to the host since
it may be involved in immunosuppression and progression to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this chapter the authors summarize
recent findings regarding the main challenges for translational research on
HIV chronic infection and innate immunity: the persistence of HIV reservoir
and chronic inflammation. The authors highlight the role of HIV reservoir to