The Inglorious Arts of Peace: Exhibitions in Canadian Society during the Nineteenth Century PDF
Preview The Inglorious Arts of Peace: Exhibitions in Canadian Society during the Nineteenth Century
THE INGLORIOUS ARTS OF PEACE This page intentionally left blank The Inglorious Arts of Peace Exhibitions in Canadian Society during the Nineteenth Century E.A. HEAMAN UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1999 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-4272-4 (cloth) Printed on acid-free paper Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Heaman, Elsbeth, 1964- The inglorious arts of peace : exhibitions in Canadian society during the nineteenth century Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 08020-4272-4 l. Exhibitions - Canada - History - 19th century. I. Title. T395-5-C3H42 1999 907-4'71 c98-931769-2 This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publish- ing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 1 The Theory of the Exhibition: An Overview 10 Part One: Exhibitions in Central Canada 2 The Early History of Exhibitions in Canada, 1789-1837 31 3 Exhibitions as Politics in Central Canada, 1841-1891 52 4 The Provincial Exhibitions and Economic Development, 1846-1893 79 5 Exhibition Culture 106 Part Two: Canada at the International Exhibitions 6 International Exhibitions and Canadian Nationality, 1851-1867 141 7 Exhibitions in Europe after Confederation and the Commodification of Canada 182 8 Exhibitions in America after Confederation and the Commodification of Everything 218 Part Three: Exhibitions and Identities 9 Women and the Political Economy of Exhibitions 259 10 Making a Spectacle: Exhibitions of the First Nations 285 Conclusion 311 vi Contents Appendix: Tables 317 Notes 325 Note on Sources 395 Illustration Credits 397 Index 399 A cknowledgments It is with considerable gratitude and relief that I acknowledge the many people who assisted me in writing this book. Above all, I thank Michael Bliss, who supervised my research as a doctoral student. His encourage- ment throughout the long years together, and his thoughtful criticisms of my thesis, made its completion possible, but it is from his own example as a historian and teacher that I have learned the most. Paul Rutherford and Allan Greer also served on the thesis committee and offered lively debate and penetrating criticisms. Examiners Carolyn Strange and H.V. Nelles made some important suggestions that influenced the revisions. I would also like to thank Clifford Orwin, who kindly allowed me to attend his remarkable seminars in political philosophy. Suzanne Zeller's book Invent- ing Canada originally inspired this project, and her seminar on science in Victorian Canada confirmed my interest. At McGill University, John Zucchi supervised the initial research paper and encouraged me to continue. For five years George Weisz showed me how to do rigorous intellectual history; I wish I had been a better pupil. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada sup- ported my research with a doctoral fellowship, for which I am deeply grateful. The history department at the University of Toronto provided funding in the way of scholarships and teaching assistantships that permit- ted me to complete the dissertation, and it provided a congenial atmo- sphere in which to work. Gerry Hallowell of University of Toronto Press invited me to submit the manuscript, and he, Emily Andrew, Rosemary Shipton, and Darlene Zeleney helped me to make it publishable. I was particularly fortunate in the choice of readers for the Press and the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation: Their comments have greatly strengthened the manuscript. viii Acknowledgments Bridgit Schroeder-Gudehus took an interest in the project and made some important suggestions. Paige Raibmon and Ruth Philips made comments on reading chapter 10, and the latter showed me her unpublished work. Donald Fyson, Valerie Korinek, and Keith Walden also commented on chapter 9. That chapter appears as an article in the December 1997 issue of the Canadian Historical Review, and I am grateful to the Review for permis- sion to publish it here. Librarians and archivists provided crucial assistance. At the National Archives of Canada, Patricia Kennedy explained the bureaucratic mind to me, blazing a trail through the maze of pre-Confederation documenta- tion, and Martin Tètreault guided me through Record Group 17. In Quebec City, Renauld Lessard helped me with the Quebec government archives; in Toronto, Leon Wormski did the same for the Ontario ar- chives; and in London, England, Anne Barrett introduced me to the archives at Imperial College. The Atwater Library allowed me to consult the Montreal Mechanics' Institute Papers, and I am also grateful to the Marquess of Lansdowne and Madame Bonar for permission to consult family papers. At the University of Toronto, Marie Korey opened up to me the Ruari McLean Collection at Massey College, which contains many splendid and beautiful books relating to the Great Exhibition; the staff at Robarts Library, and especially the Fisher Rare Books Room, Inter-Library Loan service, Microfilm Reading Room, and Government Documents, were helpful, efficient, and friendly. I am also grateful to librarians at the Salle Gagnon in Montreal and the Baldwin Room in Toronto. The personal debts are too numerous to mention, but I am particularly grateful to Raina, William, and Karen Fyson, who housed me on research trips and took a cordial interest in my work. Donald Fyson and Sovita Chander have been colleagues and friends throughout, and I owe Don in particular a great deal for his practical help and intellectual prodding. Valerie Korinek and Robin Brownlie propped me up during the PhD program and beyond. My new colleagues David Edgerton, Rob Iliffe, Lara Marks, and Andy Warwick have sharpened my understanding of history and make Imperial College an exciting place to work. This book is gratefully dedicated to my parents. My mother proofread the entire manuscript and my father helped me with its preparation. My debt to them is, of course, much more profound than that. THE INGLORIOUS ARTS OF PEACE
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