The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Alcohol Use

195 Pages·2015·1.29 MB·English

The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Substance Use

by

Matin Ghayour Minaie
M.Sc., B.Sc.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

Deakin University

December, 2014

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Acknowledgements

“No duty is more urgent than that of returning thanks.”

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been
instrumental in the successful completion of my PhD project. The guidance and support received
from all the members who have contributed, has been vital for the success of the project. I am
grateful for all their constant support and help.
Foremost, I am heartily thankful to my primary supervisor, Professor John Toumbourou
whose encouragement, patience, guidance and support from the initial phase to the final level,
enabled me to finish my journey with lots of valuable experiences. He has not only been my PhD
supervisor, but my mentor. I can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help.
Without his supervision and constant help this dissertation would not have been possible.
I would also like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks to my co-supervisor,
Associate Professor Ross King, for being there for me by encouraging me to continue and to
achieve my goal. Without his moral support, motivating suggestions and encouragement,
coordination of my project would have been an uphill struggle.
Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge with much appreciation, the crucial role of the
“Resilient Families” team, who gave their permission to use all the required data and other
materials to complete the task. Data collection for the Resilient Families research program was
initiated by paid research staff funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council
(Project Grant 251721), the Alcohol Education and Rehabilitation Foundation, and the
Grosvenor Settlement Philanthropic Trust. Parent recruitment was supported by pro bono work
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from the staff of Beaton Wellmark. Students and others completing studies using data from the
Resilient Families research initiative are encouraged to contribute research tasks back to the
study. The work for my PhD included serving on the Resilient Families data management and
Wave 4 data collection teams. A special thanks goes to my team mates, Eva Yuen, Alison
Mynard and Brendan Partridge, who helped me with data collection and gave suggestions about
the academic writing.
A special gratitude goes to my dear friends, Pauline Seitz for editing my thesis and
Rachel Leung for assisting me with data analysis. Also to Maria Garcia, Emma McPhee and the
academics of the School of Psychology who have become my friends and colleagues, I have
grown knowing you all.
I owe my deepest gratitude to my family for their endless love and support. Words cannot
express how grateful I am to my mother and my father for all of the sacrifices they made for me
to be here in the first place. Your well wishes and prayers have sustained me thus far.
I would like to express appreciation for my beloved husband Kambiz who spent sleepless
nights with me and was always my pillar of support, in a time when we were apart and living so
far away, and when he joined me in Australia, thank you and I love you.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank my one and only daughter Raha, who has
given our lives a great incentive. She has been patient enough to be away from me for hours and
hours on days to let me finish this PhD thesis.
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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………….. vi
Table of Contents………………………………………………………….....……….. viii
List of Tables…..………………………………………………………..………….… xii
List of Figures….………..…………………………………………….…..…………. xiii
Abstract…………...………………………………………………..…………….....… xiv

CHAPTER ONE - THESIS OVERVIEW ......................................................................... 1

CHAPTER TWO - THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION ................................................. 7
2.1 Adolescence in human development ................................................................. 7
2.2 Human developmental theories ....................................................................... 10
2.3 The development of adolescent behavioural disorders ................................... 13
2.4 Social influences and attachments in adolescent development ....................... 14
2.5 Ecological systems influences on development .............................................. 16
2.6 Family systems and parent influences ............................................................. 20
2.7 Baumrind’s parenting styles ............................................................................ 21
2.8 Prevention science paradigm ........................................................................... 22
2.9 Critiques of prevention science ....................................................................... 24
2.10 Chapter summary ............................................................................................ 25

CHAPTER THREE - METHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION ................................. 26
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3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 26
3.2 Longitudinal risk-focused research ................................................................. 26
3.3 Identifying predictors, risk factors and causal influence ................................ 28
3.4 Alternative family and parent observation methods........................................ 30
3.5 Sample design considerations ......................................................................... 32
3.6 Developmentally appropriate measurement in behavioural research.............. 33
3.7 Resilient Families study design ....................................................................... 36
3.8 Analysis ........................................................................................................... 42
3.9 Chapter summary ............................................................................................ 43

CHAPTER FOUR - SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................... 44
Abstract……………………………………….……………….……………..45
4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 46
4.2 Parenting styles................................................................................................ 47
4.3 Aims of the present chapter………………………….……………………….49
4.4 Method............................................................................................................. 50
4.5 Results ............................................................................................................. 51
4.6 Identification of the key dimensions of parenting style .................................. 60
4.7 Predictive effects of parenting dimensions and styles ..................................... 62
4.8 Moderation by culture and ethnicity ............................................................... 68
4.9 Family influences model ................................................................................. 68
4.10 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 70
4.11 Limitations....................................................................................................... 75
4.12 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 76
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CHAPTER FIVE – THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLE ON ADOLESCENT
ALCOHOL USE ............................................................................................. 78
Abstract……………………………………….……………….……………..80
5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 81
5.2 Methods ........................................................................................................... 85
5.3 Analysis plan ................................................................................................... 90
5.4 Results ............................................................................................................. 91
5.5 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 96
5.6 Limitations..................................................................................................... 100
5.7 Implications for research and health promotion practice .............................. 101
5.8 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 102

CHAPTER SIX – THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLE ON ADOLESCENT
CANNABIS USE .......................................................................................... 103
Abstract……………………………………….……………….…………....104
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 105
6.2 Methods ......................................................................................................... 110
6.3 Analysis ......................................................................................................... 115
6.4 Results ........................................................................................................... 116
6.5 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 118
6.6 Limitations..................................................................................................... 121
6.7 Implications for research and health promotion practice .............................. 122
6.8 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 123
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CHAPTER SEVEN – THE IMPACT OF ETHNICITY ON ADOLESCENT
SUBSTANCE USE ...................................................................................... 124
Abstract……………………………………….……………….…………....125
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 126
7.2 Methods ......................................................................................................... 133
7.3 Analysis ......................................................................................................... 138
7.4 Results ........................................................................................................... 139
7.5 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 142
7.6 Limitations..................................................................................................... 144
7.7 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 145

CHAPTER EIGHT - INTEGRATED DISCUSSION ................................................... 146
8.1 Project overview and key integrated findings ............................................... 146
8.2 Implications of the systematic review ........................................................... 147
8.3 Baumrind’s parenting styles and child and adolescent development ............ 154
8.4 Prevention science and substance use prevention ......................................... 158
8.5 Study strengths and limitations ..................................................................... 161
8.6 Research and practice implications ............................................................... 163
8.7 Practical implications for school and family-based prevention .................... 164
8.8 Chapter summary .......................................................................................... 166

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 167
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List of Tables

Table 4.1. Major details of longitudinal studies examining impact of parenting style on
adolescent substance use…………………………………………..………... 52
Table 4.2. Results of reviewed studies………………………………………………... 64
Table 5.1. Prevalences and item-response probabilities for each latent class of the final
four-latent-class model………………………………………….……………92
Table 5.2. Descriptive statistics for the five Communities That Care (CTC) family scales
at Wave 1 and percentage reporting alcohol use in Wave 1 and 3 of each latent
class group…………………………………………………………...………93
Table 5.3. Logistic regression predicting Wave 3 alcohol use from variables measured
in Wave 1……...……………………………………………..………………95
Table 6.1. Descriptive statistics for Wave 1 variables and percentage reporting cannabis
use in Wave 1 and 3 of each latent class group……………………..……...116
Table 6.2. Logistic regression predicting Wave 3 cannabis use from variables measured
in Wave 1…………………………………………………………………...118
Table 7.1. Wave 1 country of birth and home language associations with parenting and
alcohol and cannabis use variables……………………………..…………..140
Table 7.2. Multinominal regression predicting Wave 3 alcohol and cannabis use from
variables measured in Wave 1…………………………...…………………141