the influence of emotional intelligence and personality traits on effective leadership

223 Pages·2017·1.95 MB·English

University of Texas at Tyler
Scholar Works at UT Tyler
Human Resource Development Teses and
Human Resource Development
Dissertations
Spring 5-3-2018
THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY
TRITS ON EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Joy N. Cooper
University of Texas at Tyler
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Recommended Citation
Cooper, Joy N., "THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY TRITS ON EFFECTIVE
LEADERSHIP" (2018). Human Resource Development Teses and Dissertations. Paper 30.
htp://hdl.handle.net/10950/1165
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THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY
TRAITS ON EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

by

JOY COOPER

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Human Resource Development and Technology

Ann Gilley, Ph.D., Committee Chair

Soules College of Business

The University of Texas at Tyler
April 2018
© Copyright 2018 by Joy Cooper
All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv
List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v
Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... viii
Background of the Study ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 6
Theoretical Foundation and Leadership Theory ............................................................. 9
Human capital theory .................................................................................................. 9
Human resource development................................................................................... 11
Trait theory................................................................................................................ 12
Emotional intelligence .............................................................................................. 13
Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 13
Research Model ............................................................................................................ 14
Overview of the Design of the Study ............................................................................ 15
Significance of the Study .............................................................................................. 16
Implications for theory .............................................................................................. 17
Implications for HRD research ................................................................................. 18
Implications for leadership ....................................................................................... 19
Implications for healthcare ....................................................................................... 20
Assumptions .................................................................................................................. 21
Definition of Terms....................................................................................................... 22
Organization of the Dissertation ................................................................................... 23
Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 25
Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................. 25
Leadership Effectiveness .............................................................................................. 26
Emotional Intelligence s ............................................................................................... 28
Mayer and Salovey's Ability Model ......................................................................... 28
Bar-On-EI Model ...................................................................................................... 28
Goleman's Mixed Model of EI .................................................................................. 31
Other Mixed Models ................................................................................................. 33
Personality Traits .......................................................................................................... 34
The Five Factor Model.................................................................................................. 36
Conscientiousness ..................................................................................................... 37
Openness ................................................................................................................... 38
Extraversion .............................................................................................................. 38
Agreeableness ........................................................................................................... 38
Neuroticism ............................................................................................................... 38
Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence .............................................................. 38
EI and Leadership Effectiveness ................................................................................... 43
Personality Traits and Leadership Effectiveness .......................................................... 50
Summary of the Chapter ............................................................................................... 53
Literature Review Summary ......................................................................................... 54
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Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology .................................................................. 56
Purpose of the Study ..................................................................................................... 56
Design of the Study ....................................................................................................... 56
Research Question ........................................................................................................ 58
Research Hypotheses .................................................................................................... 58
Research Model ............................................................................................................ 60
Study Population and Sample ....................................................................................... 61
Secondary data .............................................................................................................. 62
Primary data .................................................................................................................. 62
Sample size ................................................................................................................... 62
Measurement Instrumentation ...................................................................................... 63
ESCI ...................................................................................................................... 63
The Big Five factor model .................................................................................... 64
Leadership effectiveness ....................................................................................... 65
Survey Design ............................................................................................................... 67
Data Collection ............................................................................................................. 68
Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 69
Data cleaning ........................................................................................................ 69
Construct Validity ................................................................................................. 70
Analysis................................................................................................................. 70
Descriptive Statistics ..................................................................................................... 71
Limitations .................................................................................................................... 71
Summary of the Chapter ............................................................................................... 72
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................... 73
Research Question ........................................................................................................ 73
Research Hypotheses .................................................................................................... 73
Data Screening .............................................................................................................. 73
Demographics ............................................................................................................... 75
Reliability and Validity ................................................................................................. 76
Construct Validity ......................................................................................................... 77
Exploratory Factor Analysis ................................................................................. 77
Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 78
Results ................................................................................................................... 79
Factor Interpretation.............................................................................................. 79
Hypothesis Testing........................................................................................................ 81
Linear Regression Analysis .......................................................................................... 83
Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 84
Normality .............................................................................................................. 84
Homoscedasticity .................................................................................................. 84
Variance Inflation Factors..................................................................................... 85
Outliers .................................................................................................................. 86
Results ................................................................................................................... 87
Supplementary Analysis ............................................................................................... 88
Demographic Analysis .......................................................................................... 88
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Assumptions .......................................................................................................... 89
Patient Care ........................................................................................................... 90
Summary of the Chapter ............................................................................................... 91
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................. 92
Discussion of Findings .................................................................................................. 92
Hypothesis One ..................................................................................................... 92
Hypothesis Two .................................................................................................... 94
Hypothesis Three .................................................................................................. 95
Hypothesis Four .................................................................................................... 96
Implications of the Study .............................................................................................. 97
Implications for Reserach ..................................................................................... 97
Implications for HRD ........................................................................................... 98
Implications for Leadership ................................................................................ 101
Implications for healthcare organizations ........................................................... 104
Limitations and Future Research ................................................................................ 105
Summary of the Chapter ............................................................................................. 109
References ....................................................................................................................... 110
Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 147
Appendix A. The Big Five Survey ................................................................................. 188
Appendix B. Permission to Use Big Five Measure of Personality ................................. 190
Appendix C. Permission from Healthcare Insitution Granting Permission for Research 191
Appendix D. Permission to Gain Access to Secondary Data ......................................... 192
Appendix E. UT Tyler Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval.............................. 193
Appendix F. Qualtrics Survey......................................................................................... 195
Appendix G. Respondent Recruitment Email ................................................................. 208
Appendix H. Emails from Respondents Regarding Spam Concerns .............................. 209

iii
List of Tables

Table 1. Frequencies of Demographic Variables .............................................................. 75
Table 2. Cronbach's Alpha Values for Measurement Scales ............................................ 77
Table 3. Eigenvalues, Percentages of Variance, and Cumulative Percentages for Factors
for the 50 Item Variable Set .............................................................................................. 79
Table 4. Standardized Path and Structure Coefficients for Big Five Items ...................... 80
Table 5. Reliability Analysis for Big Five Simple Factor Structure ................................. 81
Table 6. Correlation Matrix for Leadership Effectiveness, Emotional Intelligence, and
Personality (Big Five) ....................................................................................................... 83
Table 7. Variance Inflation Factors for Self Management, Relationship Management,
Social Awareness, Self Awareness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
Emotional Stability, and Openness .................................................................................. 86
Table 8. Results for Linear Regression with Self Management, Relationship
Management, Social Awareness, Self Awareness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness predicting LE ........................... 88
Table 9. Summary of Research Hypotheses Results ........................................................ 91
Table 10. Analysis of Variance Table for Extraversion by Gender ................................ 150
Table 11. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Extraversion by Gender .. 151
Table 12. Analysis of Variance Table for Agreeableness by Gender ............................. 154
Table 13. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Agreeableness by Gender 155
Table 14. Analysis of Variance Table for Conscientious by Gender ............................. 158
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Table 15. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Conscientious by Gender 159
Table 16. Analysis of Variance Table for Emotional Stability by Gender ..................... 162
Table 17. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Emotional Stability by
Gender ............................................................................................................................. 163
Table 18. Analysis of Variance Table for Openness by Gender ..................................... 166
Table 19. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Openness by Gender ....... 167
Table 20. Analysis of Variance Table for Total_LE by Gender ..................................... 170
Table 21. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Total_LE by Gender ....... 171
Table 22. Analysis of Variance Table for SelfManagement by Gender ......................... 174
Table 23. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for SelfManagement
by Gender ........................................................................................................................ 175
Table 24. Analysis of Variance Table for Relationship Management by Gender .......... 178
Table 25. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Relationship Management by
Gender ............................................................................................................................. 181
Table 26. Analysis of Variance Table for Social Awareness by Gender........................ 184
Table 27. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Social Awareness by Gender
......................................................................................................................................... 185
Table 28. Analysis of Variance Table for Self-Awareness by Gender ........................... 186
Table 29. Means, Standard Deviations, and Sample Size for Self-Awareness by Gender
......................................................................................................................................... 187

v
List of Figures

Figure 1. Research Model ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2. ESCI Model ....................................................................................................... 33
Figure 3. Summary of literature review ............................................................................ 54
Figure 4. Research Model ................................................................................................. 60
Figure 5. Q-Q scatterplot testing normality ...................................................................... 81
Figure 6. Residuals scatterplot testing homoscedasticity ................................................. 85
Figure 7. Studentized residuals plot for outlier detection ................................................. 87
Figure 8. Mahalanobis distance scatterplot testing multivariate normality ...................... 89
Figure 9. Q-Q scatterplot testing normality .................................................................... 145
Figure 10. Residuals scatterplot testing homoscedasticity ............................................. 146
Figure 11. Studentized residuals plot for outlier detection ............................................. 147
Figure 12. Q-Q scatterplot testing normality .................................................................. 149
Figure 13. Residuals scatterplot testing homoscedasticity ............................................. 150
Figure 14. Studentized residuals plot for outlier detection ............................................. 151
Figure 15. Q-Q scatterplot testing normality .................................................................. 153
Figure 16. Residuals scatterplot testing homoscedasticity ............................................. 154
Figure 17. Studentized residuals plot for outlier detection ............................................. 155
Figure 18. Q-Q scatterplot testing normality .................................................................. 157
Figure 19. Residuals scatterplot testing homoscedasticity ............................................. 158
Figure 20. Studentized residuals plot for outlier detection ............................................. 159
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