The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive The Collectivisation of Soviet Agriculture, 1929-30

510 Pages·1980·9.645 MB·English

by  Robert William Davies

By the same author
THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF SOVIET RUSSIA 2:
THE SOVIET COLLECTIVE FARM, 1929-1930
THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF SOVIET RUSSIA 3:
THE SOVIET ECONOMY IN TURMOIL, 1929-1930
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET BUDGETARY
SYSTEM
FOUNDATIONS OF A PLANNED ECONOMY, 1926-1929,
Volume One (with E. H. Carr)
SCIENCE POLICY IN THE USSR (with E. Zaleski and others)
THE SOVIET UNION (editor)
THE TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF SOVIET INDUSTRY
(editor with R. Amann andJ. M. Cooper)
THE INDUSTRIALISATION OF SOVIET RUSSIA I
THE SOCIALIST
OFFENSIVE
THE COLLECTIVISATION
OF SOVIET AGRICULTURE,
1929-1930
R. W. DAVIES
Professor of Soviet Economic Studies
University of Birmingham
M
MACMILLAN
PRESS
© R. W. Davies I98o
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Reprinted I989
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Davies, Robert William
The industrialisation of Soviet Russia
I: The socialist offensive, I929-I930
I: Russia-Industries-History
2. Russia-Economic conditions I9I8-I945
I. Title II. Socialist offensive, I929-I930
338'.094I HC335.2
ISBN 978-0-333-26171-2 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-0-333-46593-6 ISBN 978-1-349-10253-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-10253-2
In memory of my father
WILLIAM DAVIES
1892-1976
CONTENTS
Preface xm
Technical .Note xrx
THE PEASANT EcoNOMY AND THE SoviET SYsTEM,
I917-29
(A) The Bolsheviks and the Peasantry, I9I7-2I
(B) The Peasant Economy in the mid-I920s 4
(i) Farming and technology 6
(ii) The peasant and the market II
(iii) Regional problems I8
(iv) Economic differentiation 23
(v ) The unstable link 28
(c) The Bolsheviks and the Peasantry in the mid-
192os 31
(n) The Grain Crisis of 1927-8 39
(E) The Crisis of the Peasant Economy, I928-g 4I
(F) The Regime and the Countryside 51
2 THE GRAIN CoLLECTIONs oF I929 56
(A) The Grain Crisis of 1928/29 56
(B) The Collection Plan for the 1 929 Harvest 6o
(c) The Campaign 7I
(i) The organisation of the campaign 7I
(ii) The reaction of the peasantry 82
(iii) The enforcement of the grain plan 89
(D) The Results of the Collections I 04
3 THE EvE OF MAss CoLLECTIVISATION, juNE-
SEPTEMBER 1929 109
(A) The Background 109
vii
Vlll Contents
(B) The First Phase of Mass Collectivisation 116
(c) The Problem of the Kulak 13 7
4 THE NEw STAGE OF CoLLECTIVISATION, OcTOBER
1929-jANUARY 5, 1930 147
(A) Towards the New Stage, October 1929 147
(B) The November Plenum 155
(c) The Drive for Comprehensive Collectivisation,
November-December 1929 174
(n) The Drive Against the Kulaks, November-
December 1929 182
(E) The Politburo Commission, December 1929 185
(F) The Collectivisation Resolution of January 5,
193° 194
5 THE ALL-OUT DRIVE, jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1930
(A) The Process of Collectivisation
(B) 'Spontanecius Dekulakisation', January 1930
(c) The Legislation on the Kulaks
(n) Policy Vacillations, January so-February
1930
(E) Expropriation of the Kulaks, February 1930
(F) The Situation in the Countryside, February
1930
(G) The Shift in Policy, February 11-28, 1930
6 CoLLECTIVISATION IN RETREAT, MARCH-juNE
1930 269
(A) The Restoration of the Voluntary Principle 269
(B) The Spring Sowing of 1930 291
7 THE CRISIS IN THE PARTY, MARCH-jULY 1930 311
(A) The Diagnosis of Error, March-June 1930 311
(B) The XVI Party Congress, june 26-july 13, 1930 330
8 THE HARVEST OF 1930 337
(A) The Harvest 337
(B) The Grain Collections 340
(i) The contracts campaign 340
(i i) The collection plan 344
(iii) The campaign 350
(iv) The results of the collections 359
(c) Other Collections 361
Contents lX
9 THE REsUMPTION oF CoLLECTIVISATION 372
10 THE MECHANISATION OF AGRICULTURE 382
I I CoNcLUSIONs 397
Tables 417
Glossary of Russian Terms and Abbreviations used in Text 449
Abbreviations rif Titles of Books and Periodical Publications
used in Footnotes 453
Bibliography 455
.Name Index 466
Subject Index 471
LIST OF TABLES
1. Agricultural production in physical terms, 1913-1930 419
2. Number of animals, 1914-1930 420
3. Gross agricultural production by branch of agriculture,
1929 and 1930 421
4· Sown area by social sector for 1929 and 1930 harvests 422
5· Plans in 1928 and 1929 for marketed production of
grain by social sector, 1931-1933 423
6. Production, marketings and collections by type of
product, 1928-1930 424
(a) Crops 424
(b) Meat and dairy products 425
7. Peasant extra-rural money income and expenditure,
1928/29-1930 426
8. Grain collections, 1926/27-1930/31 427
(a) By type of collection 427
(b) By type of grain 428
(c) Production and collections by social sector,
1929/30-1930/31 428
(d) By months 429
(e) Production and collections, by area supplying
grain, 1928/29-1930/31 430
9· Grain allocation, 1926/27-1930/31 432
(a) All planned turnover by main uses 432
(b) Allocation to population by type of allocation,
1929/30-1930/31 433
(c) Allocation to industry by type of industry, 1928/
29-1930/31 434
(d) Centralised stocks by main types ofg rain, july 1,
1927-July 1, 1931 434
10. Quarterly livestock collections, 1928/29-1930/31 434
1 1. Households penalised for failure to deliver grain,
Autumn 1929 435
XI