Table Of Content

I , 4’ hACKlE & SON (INDIA) LTD Sit BEEWRANS) RUSSELL New Hopes For a Changing World Authority and the Individual Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits History of Western Philosophy The Principlesof Mathematics Thtrothrctson to Mathematical Philosophy The Analysis of Mind Our Knowledge of the External World An Outlin of Philosophy The Philosophy of Leibniz An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth Unpopular Essays Power In Praise ofIdleness The Conquest ofHappiness Sceptical Essays Mysticism and Logic The Scientific Outlook Man*sge and Moras Education and the Social Ordei On Education FreedomandOrgdnization 18141914 PrinciplesofSocialReconstruction Roadsto Freedom PracticeandTheoryofBolshevism TWE AUTUOR THE IMPACT OP SCiENCE ON SOCIETY By BERTRAND RUSSELL L. P. WRItS Lb.JKD..Mfl BLACKIE & SON (INDIA) LTD BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS b24 SL*OflS *2(0 *0W IZMflSb 16j18 2 flkCflI AUD *014 (ton) LflhEflD 10315 Pen bStb ARt SOAN4DA) LIMEflD flast nnzsaso t942 *2*1? LOXAtI StiflOw 1944 janmswansvAtinCOWMflnbncsnssipaa Øiflr sb*t. asev. *atvsu.nm.na swan a4N tsa)spots, 10315 flr,nqr PREFATORY NOTE Tins book is based upon lectures originally given at Ruskin College in Oxford, three of which were subsequently repeated at Colum bia University, New York The last chapter in this book was the Lloyd Roberts Lecture given at the Royal Society of Medicine London, on ?9 November 1949. PUBLISHERS’ NOTE Tm Introduction by Dr White, the Notes and the Inda at the end of the text have been specially written for this edition and do not form a part of the author’s original text, published inUnitedKingdom by Messrs George Alien & Unwin Ltd3 London CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 9 i SCIENCE AND TRADITION 25 IL CENERAL EFFECTS OF SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE 49 UI. SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE IN AN OLIGARCHY 53 IV. DEMOCRACY AND SCIENTIFIC TECHNiQUE 101 V. SCIENCE ANT) VAR 121 Vt SCIENCE AND VALUES 129 Vii CAN A SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY BE STABLE?, 155 NOTES 180 INDEX 199 ILLUSTRATIONS THE AUFHOR Fronti*kce INTRODUCTION 1. Biographical Sketch: Few men have been so richly endowed by inheritance or by gifts of intellect as Bertrand Russell and yet popular recognition caine to him only very late in life. He was born on 18 May 1872, and succeeded to the earldom, as the third Lord Russell, in 1931. His grandfathers were Lord John Russell, a Whig Prime Minister of the Victorian age, and Lord Stanley of Alderley. Tragedy and conflict came into his life in the early years when at the age of three he was left an. orphan and became a Ward of the Court, largely in order to secure a Christia±i upbringing. At Cambridge, where he went to Trinity College in 1890, he was excessively retiring, having had a very secluded early education, but he quickly showed extremely high intek lectual gifts, particularly in mathematics and philosophy He became a Fellow of Trinity in 1895. After a short period abroad, at the British Embassy in Paris, Russell settled down, with a very brief interlude of political interest, to a career of research into mathematical analysis. His fitst significant work was The Principles of