the impact of perception of organizational injustice on work alienation اﻻﻏﺗراب اﻟوظﯾﻔﻲ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾﻣ

156 Pages·2015·1.33 MB·English

THE IMPACT OF PERCEPTION OF
ORGANIZATIONAL INJUSTICE ON WORK
ALIENATION
“Analytical Study at International Schools in Amman”
ﻲﻔﯾظوﻟا برا ﺗﻏﻻا ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻣﯾظﻧﺗﻟا ﺔﻟادﻌﻟا بﺎﯾﻏ كرا دإ رﺛأ

Prepared by
Janet Sulaiman Solaqa Merkhe

Supervisor
Prof. Mohammad AL- Nuiami

Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master in Business Administration

Department of Business Administration
Faculty of Business
The Middle East University
Amman
May, 2015
II
III
IV

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

This study provides me the opportunity to express my immense gratitude to the
Almighty God, the father of light whose light has guided my steps thus far. Special
thanks and appreciation go to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Mohammad AL- Nuiami for his
valuable contributions to the success of this work. Equally, I wish to appreciate Prof.
Dr. Ahmad Ali Saleh, Prof. Dr. Laith Al Rubaie, Dr. Abdalla Abu Salma, and Dr.
Haitham Hijazi, and Dr. Mohammad Khair for the constant attention and needed
direction they provided to me.

I wish to thank my committee members who were more than generous with their
expertise and precious time. Special thank goes to Prof. Dr. Yasser Al-Adwan and to the
committee chairman Dr. Nidal Al Salihe for their countless hours of reflecting, reading,
encouraging, and most of for all patience throughout the entire process, thank you for
serving in this committee. I would like to acknowledge and thank all the members of the
Department of Business Administration – Faculty of Business to facilitate in conducting
this research and provide the assistance requested, a special thank and appreciation goes
to the arbitrators of questionnaire especially Prof. Dr. Kamel Al-Mugrabi, Dr. Murad
Attiany, Dr. Amjad F. Tweiqat, and from the GJU university Dr. Ismail Abu Sheikha,
and Dr. Malik Sharairi for their review and advice. Special thanks goes to Fatin Abdel-
Wahab the Dean’s assistant of Higher Studies Department for her continued support and
exerted efforts also; I’m grateful to all the 162 respondents who have made the process
of data collection easy through their contribution to answering the questionnaire which
in turn facilitated the process of completing my study.

Janet Sulaiman Merkhe
May, 23rd, 2015
V

DEDICATION

To my beloved husband
Osama Twal and to my precious sons Fadi & Philip who were my first audience and for
their support and encouragement and to my mother in law Sameeha Twal for
supporting me with her prayers.

To the memory of
my father Sulaiman, mother Younia, and my beloved sister Aliza
who watching me from heaven

To my brothers and sisters
who living outside the country Ameera, Juliette, Farook, Janan, Fouad, Shaima, Salwan
& Salam May God bless them all

To our dear friend
Nabeel Sawalha for his support at the first step on the threshold of studying,
may God bless your heart

No words can make me express my gratitude and thanks to each of the above
I extend my deepest love & appreciation
VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Subject
Authorization ……………………………………………………………………. II
Discussion Committee Decision ………………………………………………… III
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………. IV
Dedication ……………………………………………………………………….. V
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………….. VI
List of Tables …………………………………………………………………… IX
List of Figures …………………………………………………………………… XII
Appendixes ……………………………………………………………………… XII
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………. XIII

CHAPTER ONE

General Framework
1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Problem Statement & Research Questions …………………………….... 4
1.3 Study Objectives ………………………………………………………… 5
1.4 Study Significance………………………………………………………… 7
1.5 Study Model and Hypothesis ……………………………………………. 8
1.6 Study Limitations………………………………………………………… 11
1.7 Study Delimitations (Difficulties) ……………………………………….. 12
1.8 Study Terminologies……………………………………………………… 12
VII

CHAPTER TWO
Theoretical Framework and Previous Studies

Subject Page
2.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………… 16
2.1.2 An Overview of Organizational Justice …..…………………………….. 17

2.1.3 Concepts of the Organizational Justice ….....……………………………. 19
2.1.4 Components of Organizational Justice ……….......................................... 20
Procedural Justice ….……………………………………………………. 22
2.1.5
Distributive Justice ………………………………………………………. 23
2.1.6
2.2 Organizational Climate…..……………………………………………….. 25
2.2.1 Sabotage and Organizational Injustice…………………………………… 27
Counterproductive Work Behaviors and Organizational Injustice………. 28
2.2.2
Burnout, Organizational Injustice, and Work Alienation………………… 31
2.2.3
2.3 Activities that Promote Positive Organizational Climate…………………. 34
2.4 Supervisors Fairness……………………………………………………….. 35
Reasons for Biases ………………………………………………………… 38
2.4.1
Theories about Supervisors and Organizational Leadership……………… 39
2.4.2
2.4.3 Supervision……………………………………………………………….. 40
2.5 Work Alienation………………………………………………………….. 41
Alienation History………………………………………………………… 41
2.5.1
Alienation Dimensions……………………………………………………. 44
2.5.2
2.5.3 Theories of Work Alienation……………………………………………… 45
2.5.4 The Most Common Reasons for Work Alienation……………………….. 49
VIII

Subject Page
2.5.5 Organizational Cynicism and Alienation…………………………………. 51
53
2.5.6 Organizational Structure and Alienation………………………………….
54
2.5.7 Influence of Work Alienation Outside Work……………………………..
2.6 Quality of Work Life and Work Alienation………………………………. 55
2.6.1 Consequences of Work Alienation……………………………………….. 57
58
2.7 Previous Studies …………………………………………………………..
75
2.8 Study Contribution to Knowledge…………………………………………

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology of the Study

Page
Subject
77
3.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………
3.2 Study Methodology………………………………………………………… 77
3.3 Study Population and Sample ……………………………………………… 78
79
3.4 Data Collection Methods ……………………………………………………
85
3.5 Validity ……………………………………………………………………..
3.6 Reliability ………………………………………………………………….. 86
3.7 Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………… 87

CHAPTER FOUR

Testing Hypotheses

Subject Page
4.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 89
4.2 89
Descriptive Analysis of Study Variables …………………………………
IX

Subject Page
4.3 Study Hypotheses Test …………………………………………………… 104

CHAPTER FIVE
Results, Conclusions and Recommendations

Subject Page
5.1 Results ……………………………………………………………………. 120
125
5.2 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………….
126
5.3 Recommendations …………………………………………………………
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………... 128
APPENDIXES..………………………………………………………………… 134

LIST OF TABLES

43
Table (2-1): Definitions of Alienation from (1955-1979) ..………………………
44
Table (2-2): Definitions of Alienation from (2005-2014) ………………………..
78
Table (3-3): List of International Schools in Amman city in Jordan …………….
80
Table (3-4): Demographic Characteristics for the Study Sample…………………
Table (3-5): Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (Age) ………………… 81
81
Table (3-6): Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (Educational Level) ….
82
Table (3-7): Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (Experience) ………….
Table (3-8): Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (Job Title) ……………. 83

Table (3-9): Cronbach’s Alpha for the Study Fields …………………………… 86

Table (4-10): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
89
Procedural Justice…………………………………………………………………

Table (4-11): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of 91
Consistency………………………………………………………………………..
X

Subject Page
Table (4-12): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
92
Bias Suppression ………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-13): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
93
Accuracy ………………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-14): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
94
Correctability ……………………………………………………………………..

Table (4-15): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
94
Distributive Justice ……………………………………………………………….

Table (4-16): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
95
Equity……………………………………………………………………………...

Table (4-17): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
96
Equality……………………………………………………………………………

Table (4-18): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
97
Need……………………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-19): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
98
Employees Expectations of Workplace Fairness …………………………………

Table (4-20): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
99
Work Alienation ………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-21): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
100
Powerlessness …………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-22): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
101
Meaninglessness ………………………………………………………………….

Table (4-23): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
102
Normlessness ……………………………………………………………………..

Table (4-24): Arithmetic Mean, SD, Item Importance and Importance Level of
103
Self Estrangement…………………………………………………………………

Table (4-25): Multiple Regression Test to Identify the Impact of the Procedural
Justice (Consistency, Bias Suppression, Accuracy, and Correctability) on Work 104
Alienation……………………………………………………................................

Table (4-26): Results of “Stepwise Multiple Regression Test to Predict the 105
Effect of the Bias Suppression, and Accuracy on Work Alienation………………