The Impact of Climate Change on Drylands: With a Focus on West Africa PDF
Preview The Impact of Climate Change on Drylands: With a Focus on West Africa
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DRYLANDS With a Focus on West Africa ENVIRONMENT& POLICY VOLUME39 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. The Impact of Climate Change on Drylands With a Focus on West Africa Edited by A.J. Dietz Department of Geography and Planning, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands & CERES, Utrecht University, The Netherlands R. Ruben Department of Social Sciences, Development Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands and A. Verhagen Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK,BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBookISBN: 1-4020-2158-5 Print ISBN: 1-4020-1952-1 ©2004 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Print ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook maybe reproducedor transmitted inanyform or byanymeans,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Springer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com and the Springer Global Website Online at: http://www.springeronline.com Contents Contributing Authors ix ‘Voices fromthe Sahel’ xiii Forewor d xv A.CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SAHEL REGION 1 1 THE ICCD RESEARCH 3 TONDIETZ AND JANVERHAGEN 2 THE WORLD’S DRYLANDS: A CLASSIFICATION 19 TONDIETZ AND ELS VELDHUIZEN 3 CLIMATE CHANGE IN DRYLAND WEST AFRICA? The Empirical evidence of Rainfall Variabilityand trends 27 MARCELPUT, JANVERHAGEN, ELS VELDHUIZEN AND PLEUNTJEJELLEMA 4 UNCERTAINCIES IN MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE 33 JOHN VAN BOXEL 5 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS FOR DRYLAND WEST AFRICA, 1990-2050 43 GERTJAN VAN DEN BORN, RIKLEEMANS AND MICHIELSCHAEFFER 6 CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT RISKS FOR AGRICULTURE 49 JAN VERHAGEN, MARCEL PUT, FRED ZAAL AND HERMAN VAN KEULEN 7 SAHELIAN LIVELIHOODS ON THE REBOUND A Critical analysis of Rainfall droughtindexandyieldsin Sahelian agriculture 61 FRED ZAAL, TON DIETZ, JOHAN BRONS, KEES VAN DER GEEST ANDEDWARDOFORI-SARPONG v vi Contents 8 POPULATION DYNAMICS An important intervening variable 79 TONDIETZANDELSVELDHUIZEN 9 DRIVINGFORCES FOR CHANGES IN LANDUSE 83 JOHANBRONS, RUERDRUBEN, MOHAMMEDTOURE AND BOUKARY OUEDRAOGO 10 COTTON AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN WEST AFRICA 97 PETER TON 11 A LITERATURE SURVEY ABOUT RISK AND VULNERABILITY IN DRYLANDS, WITH A FOCUS ON THE SAHEL 117 KEES VAN DERGEEST AND TONDIETZ B.CASES FROM THE SUB-HUMID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES IN THE WEST AFRICAN SAHEL 147 12 CLIMATE AND LIVELIHOOD CHANGE IN NORTH EAST GHANA 149 TON DIETZ, DAVID MILLAR, SAA DITTOH, FRANCIS OBENG AND EDWARDOFORI-SARPONG 13 PATHWAYS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN MALI: THE DISTRICTS OF DOUENTZA AND KOUTIALA COMPARED 173 HAN VAN DIJK, MIRJAM DE BRUIJN AND WOUTER VAN BEEK 14 RESPONSES TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE KAYA REGION, BURKINA FASO 207 MARKBREUSERS 15 CHANGE AND ADAPTATION IN A LIVESTOCK-PRODUCING REGION: NORTHEASTERN BURKINA FASO 243 FREDZAAL AND ASAÏTA DIALLO 16 LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS AT HOUSEHOLD AND VILLAGE LEVEL. 267 JOHAN BRONS, FRED ZAAL, LIANNE KERSBERGEN AND RUERD RUBEN 17 SOME COMMENTS ON PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION, RURAL PATHWAYS AND FARM AND HOUSEHOLD ANALYSES 293 THEAHILHORST ANDCHRISREIJ Contents vii 18 URBAN-RURAL LINKAGES AND CLIMATIC VARIABILITY 301 ANNELETBROEKHUIS, MIRJAM DE BRUIJN AND ALI DE JONG 19 CLIMATE DETERIORATION AND REGIONAL SPECIFICITY Regionally differentiated portfolios of options for Drylands 323 TONDIETZ 20 THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND OF PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR UNDERSTANDING LOCAL ACTORS’ RESPONSES 341 MIRJAM DE BRUIJN AND HAN VAN DIJK C. CONSEQUENCES FOR POLICY 363 21 CLIMATE VARIABILITY, RISK COPING AND AGRARIAN POLICIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 365 RUERDRUBEN, ARIEKUYVENHOVEN, KEFFING SISSOKO ANDGIDEONKRUSEMAN 22 CLIMATE CHANGE AND MANAGEMENT OF CATASTROPHIC RISK 385 PETERHAZELL 23 CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 397 MAMAKONATÉ 24 CLIMATE CHANGE PREPAREDNESS IN WEST AFRICA 403 TONDIETZ, RUERDRUBEN, JANVERHAGEN,WITH SAADITTOH, MAMAKONATÉ, DAVIDMILLAR, EDWARDOFORI-SARPONG, HASSANE SALEY AND NDIAYECHEIKH SYLLA References 409 Index 435 Colour Section 451 Contributing Authors Beek, Wouter van: Department of Anthropology Utrecht University and African Studies Centre Leiden Born, Gertjan van den: RIVM (Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne) Bilthoven Boxel, John van: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Breusers, Mark: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam Broekhuis, Annelet: Department of Geography Utrecht University Brons, Johan: Development Economics Group/Wageningen UR Bruijn, Mirjam de: African Studies Centre Leiden Diallo, Asaïta: Université de Ouagadougou Dietz, Ton: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam and CERES/Research School for Resource Studies for Development, Utrecht University Dijk, Han van: African Studies Centre Leiden Dittoh, Saa: University for Development Studies Tamale N. Ghana Geest, Kees van der: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam Hilhorst, Thea: Institute of Environment and Development London and Koninlijk Instituut voor de Tropen Amsterdam Jellema, Pleuntje: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam ix x Contributing Authors Jong, Ali de: Department of Geography Utrecht University Hazel, Peter: Institute for Food Policy Research Washington Kersbergen, Lianne: Development Economics Group/Wageningen UR Keulen, Herman van: Plant Research International/Wageningen UR Konaté, Mama: Direction Nationale de la Météorologie. Bamako, Mali Kruseman, Gideon: Development Economics Group/Wageningen UR Kuijvenhoven, Arie: Development Economics Group/Wageningen UR Leemans, Rik: RIVM (Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne) Bilthoven and Wageningen UR Millar, David: University for Development Studies Tamale N. Ghana Obeng, Francis: University for Development Studies Tamale N. Ghana and AGIDS/ Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam Ofori-Sarpong, Edward: Department of Geography/University of Ghana at Legon Ouédraogo, Boukary: Centre d'Etude, de Documentation et de Recherche des Sciences Sociales, Ouagadougou Put, Marcel: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam Reij, Chris: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Ruben, Ruerd: Development Economics Group/Wageningen UR Saley, Hassane: National Council on the Environment and Sustainable Development. Niger Schaeffer, Michiel: RIVM (Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiëne) Bilthoven Sissoko, Keffing: Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako Sylla, Ndiaye Cheikh: Ministère de l'Environement et de la Protection de la Nature. Senegal Ton, Peter: Organic cotton consultancy and research, Amsterdam Contributing Authors xi Touré, Mohammed: Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako Veldhuizen, Els: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam Verhagen, Jan: Plant Research International/Wageningen UR Zaal, Fred: AGIDS/Department of Geography and Planning University of Amsterdam
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