The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources

456 Pages·2016·17.86 MB·English

by  Khallaf M.K. (Ed.)

THE IMPACT OF
AIR POLLUTION ON
HEALTH, ECONOMY,
ENVIRONMENT AND
AGRICULTURAL SOURCES

Edited by Mohamed K. Khallaf
The Impact of Air Pollution
on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources
Edited by Mohamed K. Khallaf

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Image Copyright vpix, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published August, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources,
Edited by Mohamed K. Khallaf
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-528-0
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Effect of Air Pollution on Health and Human Body Organs 1
Chapter 1 Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health 3
E. Marchwinska-Wyrwal, G. Dziubanek, I. Hajok,
M. Rusin, K.Oleksiuk and M.Kubasiak
Chapter 2 Impact of Air Pollution on Vitamin D Status
and Related Health Consequences 17
Alina Kurylowicz
Chapter 3 Air Pollution and Its Effects in the Respiratory System 41
Fortoul, T.I., Rojas-Lemus, M., Rodriguez-Lara V., Cano-Gutierrez,
G., Gonzalez-Villalva, A., Ustarroz-Cano, M., Garcia-Pelaez, I.,
Lopez-Valdez, N., Falcon-Rodriguez C.I., Silva-Martinez, J.,
Gonzalez-Rendon, E.S., Montaño, L.F., Cano-Gutierrez, B.,
Bizarro-Nevares P., Colin Barenque L.
Chapter 4 Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease 69
Jan Emmerechts, Lotte Jacobs and Marc F. Hoylaerts
Chapter 5 Ambient Air Pollution and Reproductive Health 93
Xiaohui Xu, Haidong Kan and Sandie Ha
Part 2 Environmental Changes, Geographic
and Climatic Conditions due to Air Pollution 117
Chapter 6 Reduction of Air Pollution by Combustion Processes 119
Aurel Gaba and Stefania Felicia Iordache
Chapter 7 Monitoring of Gaseous Air Pollution 143
Ryszard J. Katulski, Jacek Namieśnik, Jarosław Sadowski,
Jacek Stefański and Waldemar Wardencki
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Influence of the Air Engine on Global Warming
Issues - 21st Century Fuel Technology 159
Bharat Raj Singh and Onkar Singh
Chapter 9 Air Pollution in the Niger Delta Area:
Scope, Challenges and Remedies 181
Godson Rowland Ana
Chapter 10 Emerging Air Pollution Issues in Changing
Pearl River Delta of South China 199
Mang Lin, Iat-Neng Chan, Chuen-Yu Chan,
Xue-Mei Wang and Han-Ying Dong
Chapter 11 Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution
and Environmental Injustice as Critical Issues
for Science and Environmental Education 215
Anastasia Dimitriou and Vasilia Christidou
Part 3 The Impact of Air Pollution on Plants,
Agricultural Sources and Methods of Resistance 239
Chapter 12 The Effects of Air Pollutants
on Vegetation and the Role of Vegetation
in Reducing Atmospheric Pollution 241
Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe and Barbu Ion
Chapter 13 Phytoremediation on Air Pollution 281
Hua Yang and Yanju Liu
Chapter 14 Combustion Emissions Analysis of
Wood-Based Waste Processing-Materials 295
Han Chien Lin
Chapter 15 An Assessment of the Effectiveness of California’s
Local Air Pollution Controls on Agricultural Sources 323
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin
Chapter 16 Air Pollution Control in Municipal
Solid Waste Incinerators 331
Margarida J. Quina, João C.M. Bordado
and Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira
Part 4 The Impact of Air Pollution in the Economy and
Development Goals: Case Studies 359
Chapter 17 Indoor Air Pollution in Mexico 361
Iván Nelinho Pérez Maldonado, Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda Álvarez,
Fernando Díaz-Barriga, Lilia Elisa Batres Esquivel,
Francisco Javier Pérez Vázquez and Rebeca Isabel Martínez Salinas
Contents VII

Chapter 18 Epidemiologic and Economic Impact of Natural Gas
on Indoor Air Pollution in Colombia 2007 379
Nelson Alvis Guzmán, Luis Alvis Estrada and
Fernando De la Hoz Restrepo
Chapter 19 Economic Growth and Air Pollution
in Iran During Development Programs 393
H. Asadikia, R. Oyarhossein, S. Zare and I. Saleh
Chapter 20 Managing Air Pollution: How Does Education Help? 397
Gaye Tuncer Teksoz
Chapter 21 Do Developing or Developed Nations Pollute Air More?
An Assessment of Health Consequences 423
Ramalingam Shanmugam and Attila Hertelendy

Preface

The problem of air pollution has affects on human health, environment and many
areas of life. Modern technology has led to the occurrence of air pollution and its
harmful effects, but at the same time tries to push the world community to exert
maximum efforts to overcome the harmful effects of it. Atmospheric pollutants have
been classified according to their source, chemical composition, size and mode of
release into indoor or outdoor environments. Sources of indoor pollutants are cooking
and combustion, particle resuspension, building materials, air condition, consumer
products, smoking, heating and biologic agents while, sources of outdoor pollutants
are industrial, commercial, mobile, urban, regional, agricultural and natural. Air
Pollution has an impact on the human body, such as respiratory system and heart
disease. Air pollution also effects plants and agricultural products, economy and
development rates in many countries all over the world. After they have been invited
by the publisher, several authors from various countries, most of whom do not know
each other; have collected roughly two dozen chapters which cover a wide area of Air
Pollution. This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air
Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in
the field of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. This book is
divided into four parts. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and
human body organs, for example the impact of atmospheric pollution in the
development of respiratory diseases, air pollution and cardiovascular disease, the
impacts of fine particle matter on cardiovascular health, the adverse effects of air
pollution on pregnancy, infant death and the association between air pollution,
vitamin D status and prevalence of so-called civilization-related diseases. The second
part includes the impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and
methods of resistance. The chapters deal with the effects of air pollutants on
vegetation, current state of phytoremediation of air pollutants, such as particle
matters, inorganic and organic pollutants, evaluation of existing air pollution control
policies, particularly those targeted at agriculture, improving air quality, as measured
by the number of exceeding levels of the CO and NO2 standards, examining the
emission gas concentration and the fundamental thermal decomposition, as well as
analyzing the evolved species and the char of wood-based waste processing-materials
and in the end community and occupational exposure following off-site Movement of
Agricultural Fumigants. The third part includes environmental changes, geographic
X Preface

and climatic conditions due to air pollution. Its chapters deal with formation and
reduction pollutants in combustion processes, the mobile monitoring system (MMS),
as an example of a new approach for air monitoring along communication lanes,
global warming or climate change, chemical pollution prediction models in function of
traffic flows, emerging air pollution issues and environmental quality in the context of
environmental injustice. The fourth part includes case studies concerning the impact of
air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in
México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh,
epidemiological and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in
Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development
programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most
important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various
areas of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air
pollution. Finally, this book is an important addition in the subject of air pollution and
its impact on various fields.

Mohamed K. Khallaf
Restoration Department,
Faculty of Archaeology,
Fayoum University,
Egypt