The ILI English Series: High Intermediate 3 کانون زبان ایران Iran Language Institute

124 Pages·18.89 MB·

UNIT
o
Phrasal Verbs
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
BEFORE YOU READ
Look at the cartoons. What do you think the article is about?
1^ y Read this magazine article.
W
hoput together
the first personal
computer? You may
think that it was scien¬
tists working in a lab. In
fact, two college dropouts
working in a garage came
up with this invention
that changed the world.
Inventors are often ele¬
mentary schoolchildren,
homemakers, or the guy
next door working on his
car. They dream upideas
In classrooms, kitchens, and home Curiosity comes first. Inventors
workshops. are people who want to find out why
How do inventors come up with things happen the way they do. For
new ideas? What is the key to example, when George de Mestral, a
invention if It isn't education, age, Swiss inventor, took his dog for walks
or a laboratory? It's creativity, and in the mountains, buns would get
everyone has It. This ability to think stuck In the dog's coat. De Mestral
up something new seems like magic wondered why they were so hard to
to many people, but in fact, anyone remove. Acting on his curiosity, he
can develop the qualities that go examined the burrs through a
along with creativity. microscope. When he saw the many
Icontinued on next page]
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reka
|
(continued!
tiny hooks on each burr, he realized the wire around his head. His friends
that he was looking at the perfect made fun of him at first, but soon the
fastener Years later, de Mestral idea caught on, and they wanted
developed this idea into Velcro’, earmuffs too. The Greenwood family
now used to fasten everything from had to work hard to keep up with the
sneakers to space suits. orders. Chester patented his inven¬
Imagination is also crucial for an tion when he was only nineteen.
inventor. This quality helps inven¬ After an inventor says "Eureka!"
tors put things together in a new (Greek for ‘Tve found it!”] there's
way. One U.S. sixth grader invented still a lot of work to do Anotherqual-
a solar-powered bicycle light by ity found in successful inventors is
combining solar cells and his bicy¬ tenacity—the ability to stick with
cle. When he rides his bike during a project until it is completed. This
the day. the sunlight charges up two usually involves looking up infor¬
batteries Then at night, when he mation related to the idea. George
needs the light, he switches it on Eastman, inventor of the Kodak*
Imagination can also mean seeing a camera and film, spent years research¬
new use for a common object. The ing chemicals and photography.
original Frisbee was a pie pan that Tenacity also involves trying out
two truck drivers were tossing to each different materials and designs.
other in a parking lot As he watched De Mestral experimented with many
the two men playing around. Walter kinds of materials before he per¬
Morrison came up with his idea for a fected Velcro’ .
new toy that became popular all over Finally, inventors need a lot of
the world. self-confidence. They have believe
to
Inventors are often problem in their ideas and be willing learn
to
solvers. When fifteen-year-old Chester from failures. Gail Borden developed
Greenwood's ears got frostbitten a process for condensing and can¬
during Maine's bitter winters, he ning milk, but the government turned
didn’t give up and stay indoors. down his first application for a
Instead, he attached fur cups to the patent. He kept on trying to perfect
ends of a piece of wire, and wrapped his method and after years he finally
succeeded. His invention
probably saved many
lives at a time when there
was no way to refrigerate
milk. Borden's motto is
engraved on his tomb¬
stone: "1 tried and failed;
I tried again and again
and succeeded.”
11
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Unit I
12
GRAMMAR PRESENTATION
Phrasal Verbs: Separable Inseparable
and
SEPARABLE TRANSITIVE
Subject Verb Direct Object Particle
She turned on the TV.
INSEPARABLE TRANSITIVE
Subject Verb Direct Object Particle
his teacher,
He ran into
her.
SEPARABLE TRANSITIVE
Subject Verb Direct Object Particle
?he
She turned on.
it
INSEPARABLE INTRANSITIVE
Direct Object
Subject Verb
They sat down.
Examples
NOTES
verb * particle + object
1, Most transitive phrasal verbs are separable. (cid:127) I just dreamed up a new idea.
This means that noun objects can go after OR
the particle or between the verb and the
verb object (cid:127) particle
particle.
(cid:127) 1 just dreamed a new idea up.
(See Appendix I on pages A-l and A-2 for a list
of common separable phrasal verbs.)
Be careful!
a. If the direct object is a pronoun, it must (cid:127) I dreamed it up.
go between the verb and the particle. Not I dreamed up it
b. When the noun object is part of a long (cid:127) She tried out an unusually
phrase, it goes after the particle. complicated new device.
Not Sho tried an unusually
complicated now device out:
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Phrasal Verbs
13
2.Some transitive phrasal verbs are (cid:127) She ran into her science teacher in
inseparable. This means that both noun the library.
and pronoun objects always go after the Not She ran her science teacher into
particle. You cannot separate the verb from the library.
its particle.
(cid:127)
She ran into her.
Not Sho ran her4nto.
(See Appendix I on pages A-1and A-2 for a list of
common inseparable transitive phrasal verbs.)
3. A small group of phrasal verbs must be
separated.
Phrasal Verbs Meaning
(cid:127)
Keep your earmuffs on.
keep something on not remove
(cid:127) She talked them into a raise.
talk someone into persuade
Not Shetalked into them a raise:
(See Appendix Ion pagesA-1and A-2 for a list of
common phrasal verbs that must be separated.)
.
4 Some transitive phrasal verbs are used in
combination with certain prepositions. A
phrasal verb + preposition combination
(also called a three-part or three-word verb)
is usually inseparable.
Phrasal Verbs Meaning
(cid:127)
come up with something imagine She came up with a brilliant idea.
drop out of something quit (cid:127) I dropped out of school and got a job.
keep up with something/ go as fast as (cid:127) I couldn't keep up with the class.
someone It went too quickly for me.
(See Appendix 2 on page A-2 for a list of
common phrasal verbs preposition
+
combinations.)
5. Phrasal verbs can also be intransitive. (cid:127) His earmuffs caught on. Everyone
This means that they do not take an object. wanted a pair.
(cid:127) Don’t give up. Keep trying.
(See Appendix 3 on page A-2 for a list
of common intransitive phrasal verbs.)
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14 Unit I
FOCUSED PRACTICE
Q
EDISON, THOMAS ALVA (1847- 1931) Grammar Notes1*S
Read about one of the greatest inventors in history. Complete the information with the correct
form of the appropriate phrasal verbs in the boxes.
drop out of grow up think back on
Thomas Alva Edison was bom on February 11, 1847.
Being curious, he tried out almost
I
anything he had read about or seen. His parents liked to
the time thev found voung
Thomas sitting on a number of eggs. He had recently
seen a goose hatch eggs and wanted to see if it would
work for him, too.
Edison in the midwestem
j.
part of the United States. When he was seven, his family
moved from Ohio to Michigan. He was a poor student and school
4.
after just a few months. From then on. he received his education from his mother. An avid
— —
reader, he read and remembered everything he could get his hands on.
break out carry out fill up keep away set up
When he was twelve, he started to work, selling newspapers, candy, and sandwiches on
trains. With the monev he saved, he a laboratory in the basement
s.
of his home. He had collected hundreds of bottles from junk heaps and
them with chemicals he needed to
«.
his experiments. He labeled all his bottles "poison'’ to
7.
his family from them. Soon, Edison
8.
moved his lab to the baggage car of the train. As the result of an overturned bottle of
chemicals, a fire in the car, putting an end to his career on the rails.
9
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Phrasal Verbs 15
break down bring about carry on find out pay back set up
Ai the age of fifteen, he saved the life ol a child who had been playing on the railroad
tracks. The grateful father, a telegraph operator, Edison
by teaching him the skill of telegraphy. For the next five years,
ic
Edison earned money as a telegraph operator working in various cities in the United
States and Canada. He worked nights so that he could his
n
experiments. In 1868. he built his first patented invention, a vote recorder. No one wanted
it. From that point on, he never worked on a project before first if
12
there was a need for it.
In 1869. he went to New York City Trying to find work, he walked into a company
which supplied quotations on gold prices by wire. The electrical device for sending the
prices to brokers had just . Edison repaired it and was hired on the
u
— —
spot. This incident his first useful invention the stock ticker for
14
which he received $40,000. With the money, he a workshop in
is
Newark, New Jersey, and began his career as a professional inventor. He was just twenty-two.
carry out come up with give up keep on
During the next sixty years, Edison patented over a thousand inventions, among them
the electric lightbulb, the record player, the storage batten’, the movie camera and
—
projector, and the telephone transmitter. He worked tirelessly often more than eighteen
hours a day. He frequently had to be reminded to eat and sleep. Whenever he
a new idea he read everything he could about it. Then he
16
lest after test. He never or became
17 18
discouraged. If an experiment failed, he trying new approaches
19
until he found the one that worked. Ten thousand tests were required before he succeeded
in developing the storage battery. Edison once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
Source: Based on information from The World Book Encyclopedia
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Unit I
16
Q
IN THE LAB Grammar Note 1
Complete these conversations that take place in a school lab. Use phrasal verbs and
\ f
pronouns.
1. A: Please put on your lab coats.
B: Do we really have to put- them on ? it's hot in here.
A: Sorry. You know the rules. Ill open a window if you'd like.
2. A: I can't figure out this problem.
B: I know what you mean. I can't either.
3. A: Remember to fill out these forms.
B: Can we at home, or do we have to do it right now?
4. A: Are you going to hand out the next assignment today?
B: I a few minutes ago. Weren't you here?
5. A: I can't get this to work. I think we’d better do the whole procedure over again.
.
B: We don't have time to Class is over in ten minutes.
6. A: Please remember to turn off your Bunsen burner before you leave the lab.
.
B: I've already
7. A: Are we supposed to turn in our lab reports today?
B: No. Please next week.
.
8. A: You left your safety goggles on.
B: Thanks. I last week too. I couldn't figure out why
everyone on the bus was staring at me.
A
CREATIVITY Grammar Notes 1- 4
Complete this article about creativity with the phrasal verbs and objects in parentheses.
Place the object between the verb and the particle whenever possible.
There are three parts to creativity: dreaming an idea up
(
L (dream up / an idea]
and marketing it. Remember, anyone can
,
1 (follow through / it)
invent new things. Here are some ways to get started.
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Phrasal Verbs
17
Getting an Idea
Practice creativity. Make a list of common everyday objects.
and have a brainstorming session with another
3. [Pick out / one)
person.
Give yourself five minutes and don't
4 (Think up / uses for the object)
and
5. (throw away / any ideas} 6 (Write down / them)
with the other person.
7. (talk over / them)
Ask around. Another way to get ideas is to talk to people about things that they use
every day.
someone has with a common, everyday
8 (Find out about / a problem)
object, and then
If you succeed in
,
9. [work out / a solution)
then you'D have something that people
>
10, (come up with / one)
really need.
Developing Idea
the
..
After you get your idea,
Learn all you can
11, (stick with / it)
about everything related to your invention. Write to manufacturers or
in a library.
12. (look up / information) B. (Try out / different materials)
until you find the best ones. You will
every failure.
14. [get out of / something)
Remember Edisons words: ^Results! Why man, I have plenty of results. I know a
thousand things that won't work.”
Marketing Your Invention
.
Your new gizmo is now perfect, and it's time to
15 (go after / customer!)
A Web page is always a good idea. As you
16. (put together / it)
find ways to show people why your product stands out. Good photos will
help you
to your audience. Never
17. (get across / this)
to
Take
18. (pass up / an opportunity) 1? (show off / your product)
it to trade shows and fairs. If it's inexpensive, it might be a good idea
and
20. [give away 7 samples) 21. (Stick to 7 your plan)
don’t give up!
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18 Unit I
Q
EDITING
Read an inventor’s notes. Find and correct seven mistakes in the use of phrasal verbs.
The first mistake is already corrected.
—
ToA<ny, I c<nme upA<* ywA iAe<n wit k a far oP potinV wiVk otn
otpplionVor like Vke kinA useA Po skoe polisk. IV be useA Vo p«inV Air+y spoVs
c^h
or nicks on <x w«nll <*PVer a p«ninV job, wken people Aon’V w*nnV Vo Ao a wkole room.
Mwkek: Homeowners, renVers, anyone wko p«inVs kome or ApArVmenV.
ot
M«ny IO. I went- Vo -five p<ninV sVores VoA<ny omA «^keA Vke owners oibouV my
tAe«n. I PounA ouV Vk<nV noVking like Vkis is on Vke movrkeV rigkV now. Tkey
seemeA Vo be exciVeA by Vkis iAe«n. I <nskeA Vwo oP Vkem Vo sign my notebook,
Tk<nV w«y I onn prove Vk<nV Vke iAeoi oicVuotlly mine.
w<n$
H<ny 12. I PounA <n moinwfiae+urer oP o\pplic«VorS. I coiHeA Up kim ^nA OrAereA
several Vypes.
June IO. Tke <npplic<nVors finally <nrriveA, I VvieA in several ^vnA PounA one Vk<nV
workeA well. I'm going Vo k^ve AbouV Vwo Aoren samples m^Ae.
AwgusV 4. |filleA Aown oipplicotHon Por « p^iVenV <nnA mouleA iV yesVerA^y.
oin
Hl be oib'e Vo seV strong ovnA convincing AemonsVrcnVion oP Vke proAucV up soon.
<n
^ugusV 3Q. I AemonsVr^VeA Vke proAucV AecorenVor’s exkibiVion yesVerA^y.
<n
I wennVeA Vo poinV ouV Vk«V iVfs very neoiV <nnA Vo use, so I puV wkiVe gloves
e^sy
^nA evening doVkes Per Vke AemonsVrenHon. IV wenV well.
ove* ve*y
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