The Identity Project

318 Pages·2005·2.2 MB·English

The Identity Project
an assessment of the UK Identity
Cards Bill and its implications
The Identity Project

An assessment of the UK Identity Cards Bill and
its implications

Project Management by

Hosted and Published by

Version 1.09, June 27, 2005
The LSE Identity Project Report: June 2005 i

Credits

Advisory Group
Professor Ian Angell, Convenor of the Department of Information Systems, LSE
Professor Christine Chinkin, Law Department, LSE
Professor Frank Cowell, Economics Department, LSE
Professor Keith Dowding, Government Department, LSE
Professor Patrick Dunleavy, Government Department, LSE
Professor George Gaskell, Director, Methodology Institute, LSE
Professor Christopher Greenwood QC, Convenor of the Law Department, LSE
Professor Christopher Hood, Centre for Analysis of Risk & Regulation, LSE
Professor Mary Kaldor, Centre for the Study of Global Governance, LSE
Professor Frank Land, Department of Information Systems, LSE
Professor Robin Mansell, Department of Media & Communications, LSE
Professor Tim Newburn, Social Policy Department, LSE
Professor David Piachaud, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE
Professor Robert Reiner, Law Department, LSE
ii The LSE Identity Project Report: June 2005

Research Group, Contributors, Advisors and Reviewers
Research coordinator: Dr Edgar Whitley, Reader in Information Systems.

Professor Ross Anderson, Cambridge Rikke Frank Jorgensen, Denmark
Adrian Beck, University of Leicester Jeegar Kakkad
Ralf Bendrath, University of Bremen Philippe Martin, Kable
Krista Boa, University of Toronto Meryem Marzouki, France
Nicholas Bohm Ariosto Matus-Perez
Daniel Boos, Switzerland Dr Eileen Munro, LSE
Dr Stefan Brands, McGill University Sjoera Nas, The Netherlands
Dr Ian Brown Dr Peter Neumann, SRI International
Tony Bunyan, Statewatch Professor Toshimaru Ogura
Dr Nadia Caidi, University of Toronto Joe Organ, Oxford Internet Institute
Marco A. Calamari, Italy Nicholas Pauro
Shami Chakrabarti, Liberty Daniele Pica, LSE
Professor Roger Clarke, Australia Dr Chris Pounder, Pinsent Masons
Professor Andrew Clement, Canada Professor Angela Sasse, UCL
Dan Cooper, Covington and Burling Bruce Schneier, Counterpane Systems
Mike Cushman, LSE Dr Susan Scott, LSE
Ian Dowty Dr Barbara Simons
Terri Dowty Dr Steve Smithson, LSE
Mark Dzięcielewski Nina Somera, Philippines
Alberto Escudero-Pascual, Sweden Jay Stanley, ACLU
Joseph Ferenbok, University of Toronto Barry Steinhardt, ACLU
Federico Ferretti, University of Leeds Toby Stevens, Enterprise Privacy Group
Jens Franz, SOAS Peter Szyszko, Covington and Burling
Teresa Hackett, Ireland Gohsuke Takama, Japan
Kathrin Gerst, Germany Sarah Thatcher, LSE
Marc Gilman Prodromos Tsiavos, LSE
Dr Brian Gladman Rosemary Walsh
Andrea Glorioso, Italy Jeremy Wickins, University of Sheffield.
Wendy Grossman Johan Wilhelmsson, Swedish Ministry of
William Heath, Kable Justice
Derek Wong

Project Mentors: Simon Davies and Dr Gus Hosein
The LSE Identity Project Report: June 2005 iii

Acknowledgements

The LSE would like to thank the Department of Information Systems for hosting and
publishing this study. Our gratitude also goes to the research team who have worked
tirelessly and under severe time constraints, and to the Advisory Board, who have
supported the work from its inception. Thanks also to the Enterprise Privacy Group for
undertaking the management and coordination of the project.

We would also like to express our appreciation to the many people and organisations
that contributed to this study, and especially to the organisations that participated in the
expert roundtables.

Thanks also to William Heath and Philippe Martin of Kable, who supplied the costings
framework that formed the basis of our estimates.

Participation in the project by an individual or organisation does not imply agreement
with the findings of the study in part or full.

Finally we would like to thank the LSE Reprographics Unit, the Design Unit, and the
LSE Press Office for support above and beyond the call of duty.
The LSE Identity Project Report: June 2005 v

Outline

FOREWORD..................................................................................................................................................1
PREFACE.......................................................................................................................................................3
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSIONS IN DETAIL......................................................................................................................9
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS REPORT ...........................................................................................15
OVERVIEW OF THE LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS ..........................................................................21
THE GOVERNMENT’S CONSULTATION PROCESS.......................................................................31
NATIONAL SECURITY, ORGANISED CRIME AND TERRORISM ..............................................43
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND OBLIGATIONS.............................................................45
IDENTITY FRAUD.....................................................................................................................................97
POLICING AND ID ..................................................................................................................................113
RACE, DISCRIMINATION, IMMIGRATION AND POLICING.....................................................125
THE ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC TRUST .......................................................................................139
THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................................................145
BIOMETRICS ...........................................................................................................................................169
SECURITY, SAFETY AND THE NATIONAL IDENTITY REGISTER .........................................187
THE IT ENVIRONMENT IN THE UK .................................................................................................201
COST ASSUMPTIONS – COSTING THE GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSALS................................225
COST PROJECTIONS.............................................................................................................................241
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND OPTIONS................................................................................................247
AN ALTERNATIVE BLUEPRINT FOR A NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ..............275
APPENDIX 1: COMPARISON WITH THE HAC FINDINGS .........................................................285
APPENDIX 2: COST PROJECTIONS .................................................................................................301