Table Of Content

R THE IDEA OF HUMAN IGHTS This page intentionally left blank THE IDEA OF R HUMAN IGHTS R R CHA LES . BEITZ 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto WithoYcesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #CharlesR.Beitz2009 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2009 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009930118 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc ISBN 978 0 19 957245 8 135798642 For Ann, and for Caroline and Stephan This page intentionally left blank Contents Abbreviations ix Preface xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Why there is a problem 1 2. Forms of skepticism 3 3. Approach 7 Chapter 2 The Practice 4. Origins 14 5. Doctrine 27 6. Implementation 31 7. An emergent practice 42 8. Problems 44 Chapter 3 Naturalistic Theories 9. Naturalism about human rights 49 10. Persons “as such” (1): the demand side 59 11. Persons “as such” (2): the supply side 68 Chapter 4 Agreement Theories 12. “Common core” and “overlapping consensus” 74 13. The appeal of agreement conceptions 77 14. Progressive convergence 88 viii contents Chapter 5 A Fresh Start 15. Human rights in The Law of Peoples 96 16. The idea of a practical conception 102 17. A two level model 106 18. “Manifesto rights” 117 19. The role of states 122 Chapter 6 Normativity 20. What human rights are for 128 21. A schema 136 22. Minimalism and social justice 141 23. Toleration (1): the domestic analogy 144 24. Toleration (2): the autonomy of peoples 152 Chapter 7 International Concern 25. Anti poverty rights 161 26. Political rights 174 27. Human rights of women 186 Chapter 8 Conclusion 28. Residues of skepticism 198 29. Pathologies 201 30. Human rights and global normative order 209 Works Cited 213 Index 227 Abbreviations Coreinternationalhumanrightsinstruments(withdatesenteredintoforce) CAT ConventionagainstTortureandotherCruel,InhumanorDegrading TreatmentorPunishment(1987) CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination againstWomen(1981) CERD ConventionontheEliminationofallFormsofRacialDiscrimination (1969) CRC ConventionontheRightsoftheChild(1990) ICCPR InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights(1976) ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1976) UDHR UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(adopted1948)