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The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Modern Political Biography PDF

1008 Pages·2005·6.41 MB·English
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The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Modern Political Biography Preface The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Modern Political Biography is a reference book, with entries arranged in A–Z format. To go directly to a particular entry, click on the link in the table of contents. There are also links between entries – click on any underlined word to jump to the related entry. © Copyright Research Machines plc 2005. All rights reserved. Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. Helicon Publishing New Mill House 183 Milton Park Abingdon Oxon OX14 4SE e-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.helicon.co.uk Cover illustration: John Taylor. Table of contents A Abacha, Sani Abbas, Ferhat Abbas II (of Egypt) Abbey, Joseph Leo Seko Abboud, Ibrahim Abd al-Hamid II Abdel Meguid, Ahmed Esmat Abdullah, ibn Abdul Aziz al-Saud Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah ibn Hussein Aberhart, William Abernathy, Ralph D Abiola, Moshood Kastumawo Abubakar, Siddiq Abu Nidal Abzug, Bella Savitsky Achad Haam Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu Achebe, Chinua Acheson, Dean (Gooderham) Achour, Habib Adamkus, Valdas Adams, Gerry Adams, Grantley Herbert Adams, Henry Brooks Adams, Tom (John Michael) Addams, Jane Adenauer, Konrad Adler, Cyrus Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund Aehrenthal, Count Aloys von 'Aflaq, Michel Afrifa, Okatakyie Akwasi Amankwa Afwerki, Issaias Aga Khan III Aga Khan IV, (Karim) Agnew, Spiro (Theodore) Aguinaldo, Emilio Aguiyi-Ironsi, Johnson Ahern, Bertie Ahidjo, Ahmadou Ahtisaari, Maarti Aidid, Muhammad Farah Aidit, D N Ait Ahmed, Hocine Aitken, Jonathan (William Patrick) Akaka, Daniel Kahikina Akayev, Askar Akhmatova, Anna Akintola, Samuel Ladoke Alain Al-Bakr, Ahmed Hassan Albizu Campos, Pedro Albright, Madeleine Alcalá Zamora y Torres, Niceto Alebua, Ezekiel Alemán Lacayo, (José Arnoldo) Alemán Valdés, Miguel Alessandri Palma, Arturo Alexander I, Karageorgevich (of Yugoslavia) Alexander of Hillsborough, Albert Victor Alexander Alfaro, Eloy Alfonsín Foulkes, Raúl Ricardo Algren, Nelson Abraham Ali, (Chaudri) Muhammad Ali, Ibn Hussein Ali, Maulana Muhammad Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Salim Rubayi Ali, Tariq Alia, Ramiz Ali Aref Bourhan Ali Mahdi, Muhammad Aliyev, Geidar Alirza Allende (Gossens), Salvador Alvear, Marcelo Torcuato de Amado, Jorge Amato, Giuliano Amery, Leo(pold Charles Maurice Stennett) Amin, Mustafa Amin (Dada), Idi Amos, Valerie Anami, Korechika Ancram, Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr Anderson, John Anderson, Marian Andrade, Mario Pinto de Andreotti, Giulio Andropov, Yuri Angelou, Maya Annan, Kofi Antall, József Anthony, Kenny Antonescu, Ion Anyaoku, Eleazar Chukwuemeka (Emeka) Aoun, Michel Aquino, (Maria) Corazon Arafat, Yassir Aragon, Louis Marie Araña Osorio, Carlos Arbenz Guzmán, Jácobo Archer, Jeffrey Howard Arendt, Hannah Arens, Moshe Arevalo Bermejo, Juan José Arias Madrid, Arnulfo Arias Navarro, Carlos Arias Sanchez, Oscar Aristide, Jean-Bertrand Armstrong, Robert Temple Arnold, Eve Arriaga, Manuel José de Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal Arthur, Owen (Seymour) Arzú, Irigoyen Alvaro Asanuma, Inejiro Ashcroft, John Ashdown, Paddy (Jeremy John Durham) Ashe, Arthur (Robert, Jr) Ashley, Jack Ashrawi, Hanan Askin, Robert (Robin William) Asquith, Herbert Henry Assad, Hafez al Astor, Nancy Asturias, Miguel Ángel Atassi, Hashem al- Atatürk, Kemal Attlee, Clement (Richard) Atwood, Margaret (Eleanor) Auden, W(ystan) H(ugh) Aung San Aurobindo Ghose Ávila Camacho, Manuel Avksent'yev,, Nikolai Dmitriyevich Awolowo, Obafemi Aylwin, (Azòcar) Patricio Ayub Khan, Muhammad Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azaña, Manuel Azcona del Hoyo, José Simon Azhari, Ismail Azikiwe, Nnamdi Aziz, Tariq Aznar, José Maria B Baader, Andreas Babangida, Ibrahim Badawi, Abdullah Ahmad Badinter, Robert Badoglio, Pietro Baez, Joan Bailey, Liberty Hyde (Jr) Baker, Howard Henry Baker, James Addison III Baker, Kenneth Wilfrid Baker, Newton Diehl Bakhtiar, Shahpur Balaguer Ricardo, Joaquín Videla Balbo, Count Italo Baldwin, James Arthur Baldwin, Stanley Balfour, Arthur James Balladur, Edouard Ballance, John Banda, Hastings Kamuzu Bandaranaike, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandera, Stepan Bang, Nina Henriette Wendeline Bani-Sadr, Abu'l-Hassan Banks, Dennis Bánzer Suárez, Hugo Barak, Ehud Baraka, (Imamu) Amiri Barayi, Elijah Barber, Anthony Perrinott Lysberg Barbie, Klaus Barco Vargas, Virgilio Barnes, George Nicoll Barre, Raymond Octave Joseph Barrientos Ortuño, René Barrow, Errol Walton Barry, Marion, Jr Barton, Edmund Baruch, Bernard Mannes Barudi, Mahmud Sami al- Bashir, Omar Hassan Ahmad al- Basu, Jyoti Batista (y Zaldívar), Fulgencio Batlle y Ordóñez, José Batt, Philip Bavadra, Timoci Bayer, Mahmud Jelâl Bazargan, Mehdi Beatrix, (Wilhelmina Armgard) Beauvoir, Simone de Beaverbrook, (William) Max(well) Aitken Bebel, (Ferdinand) August Beckett, Margaret Bedjaoui, Mohamed Begin, Menachem Belafonte, Harry Belafrej, Ahmed Belaid, Abdessalem Belaúnde Terry, Fernando Belkacem, Krim Bell, Francis Henry Dillon Belloc, (Joseph) Hilaire (René Pierre) Ben Ali, Zine el Abidine Ben Barka, Mehdi Ben Bella, Muhammad Ahmed Beneš, Edvard Ben-Gurion, David Benn, Tony (Anthony Neil Wedgwood) Bennett, Richard Bedford Ben Salah, Ahmed Bentsen, Lloyd Millard Ben Youssef, Salah Ben Zvi, Izhak Bérégovoy, Pierre (Eugène) Berezovsky, Boris Abramovich Berisha, Sali Beriya, Lavrenti Pavlovich Berlin, Isaiah Berlinguer, Enrico Berlusconi, Silvio Bernadotte, Count Folke Bernstein, Carl Bernstein, Eduard Bernstein, Herman Berri, Nabih Berrios Martínez, Rubén Besant, Annie Bessmertnykh, Aleksandr Betancourt, Rómulo Betancur Cuartas, Belisario Bethe, Hans Albrecht Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bevan, Aneurin (Nye) Beveridge, William Henry Bevin, Ernest Bhattari, Krishna Prasad Bhindranwale, Sant Jarnail Singh Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Bidault, Georges Augustin Biffen, (William) John Biko, Steve Bildt, Carl Bingham, Hiram bin Laden, Osama Bird, Lester B Bird, Vere Cornwall Birendra, Bir Bikram Shah Dev Birkenhead, F(rederick) E(dwin) Smith Bishop, Maurice Bitar, Salah Eddin Bitat, Rabah Biya, Paul Bjelke-Petersen, Joh(annes) Black, Hugo LaFayette Black Elk Blair, Tony Blaize, Herbert Augustus Blake, George (spy) Blanco, (Salvador) Jorge Blanco-Fombona, Rufino Bliss, Tasker Howard Blum, Léon Blunkett, David Blunt, Anthony Frederick Bly, Robert Elwood Boateng, Paul Yaw Boganda, Barthélemy Bogart, Humphrey (DeForest) Boggs, Thomas Hale, Sr Bohlen, Charles 'Chip' Bokassa, Jean-Bédel Bolger, Jim Bolkiah, Muda Hassanal Bondevik, Kjell Magne Bondfield, Margaret Grace Bongo, Omar Bonham-Carter, (Helen) Violet Bonner, Yelena Bonomi, Ivanoe Boothby, Robert John Graham Boothroyd, Betty Borah, William Edgar Borden, Robert Laird Boris III Borja Cevallos, Rodrigo Bormann, Martin Bornó, (Joseph) Louis Boross, Peter Bosch, (Gavino) Juan Domingo Bose, Subhas Chandra Bossi, Umberto Botha, Louis Botha, P(ieter) W(illem) Bottai, Giuseppe Bottomley, Virginia Hilda Brunette Maxwell Boucetta, M'Hamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Boumaza, Bachir Boumédienne, Houari Bourassa, Henri Bourgeois, Léon Victor Auguste Bourguiba, Habib ben Ali Bouteflika, Abdelaziz Bouterse, Désiré Boutros-Ghali, Boutros Braddock, Elizabeth Margaret (Bessie) Bradshaw, Robert Llewellyn Braine, John (Gerard) Braithwaite, Nicholas Brandeis, Louis Dembitz Brandt, Willy Bratianu, Ion Bremer, (Lewis) Paul Brennan, William J(oseph), Jr Brenton, Howard Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich Briand, Aristide Bridges, Harry (Alfred Renton) Brink, André P(hilippus) Brittain, Vera (Mary) Brittan, Leon Brooke, Peter Leonard Brookeborough, Basil Stanlake Brooke Browder, Earl Russell Brown, (James) Gordon Brown, George Alfred Brown, Jim Brown, Ron(ald Harmon) Bruce, David K E (Kirkpatrick Este) Bruce, Lenny Bruce, Stanley Melbourne Brundtland, Gro Harlem Brüning, Heinrich Bruton, John Gerard Bryan, William Jennings Brzezinski, Zbigniew Bucaram, Ortiz Abdalá Buchan, John Buchanan, Pat(rick Joseph) Buckley, William F(rank) Buhari, Muhammadu Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich Bulatovic, Momir Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bülow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin Karl, Prince von Bülow Bunche, Ralph Johnson Bundy, McGeorge Bunker, Ellsworth Burger, Warren Earl Burgess, Guy Francis de Moncy Burnham, (Linden) Forbes (Sampson) Burnham, Harry Lawson-Webster Levy-Lawson Burns, John Elliot Burroughs, William S(eward) Bush, George Herbert Walker Bush, George W(alker), Jr Busia, Kofi Bustamante, (William) Alexander Buthelezi, Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Butler, Richard Austen Buyoya, Pierre Buzek, Jerzy Karol C Cabral, Amilcar Cabral, Luiz de Almeida Caetano, Marcello José des Neves Alves Cairns, James Ford Cai Yuanpei Caldera Rodriguez, Rafael Calderón Guardia, Rafael Ángel Calderón Sol, Armando Callaghan, (Leonard) James Callaghan, Daniel J Callejas Romero, Rafael Leonardo Calles, Plutarco Elías Calvo, Carlos Calwell, Arthur Augustus Campbell, Kim Campbell, Menzies Campbell-Bannerman, Henry Campíns, Luis Herrera Cámpora, Héctor Canaris, Wilhelm Franz Carabillo, Toni Cárdenas, Lázaro Cardoso, Fernando Henrique Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan Carey, James (Barron) Carías Andino, Tiburcio Carlot Korman, Maxime Carlsson, Ingvar (Gösta) Carlucci, Frank Charles Carmichael, Stokely Carmona, Antonio Carpenter, Edward Carranza, Venustiano Carrera Andrade, Jorge Carrington, Peter Alexander Rupert Carroll, James (politician) Carson, Edward Henry Carter, Jimmy Casement, Roger David Casey, Richard Gardiner Castelo Branco, Humberto de Alencar Castillo Armas, Carlos Castle, Barbara Anne Castro, Cipriano Castro (Ruz), Fidel Alejandro Cato, (Robert) Milton Catt, Carrie Chapman Cavaco Silva, Anibal Ceausescu, Nicolae Cerezo Arévalo, Mario Vinicio Césaire, Aimé Fernand Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de Chadli, Benjedid Chamberlain, (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain, (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain, Joseph Chambers, George Michael

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