Wallace Kaufman · David Deamer The Hunt for FOXP5 A Genomic Mystery Novel ScienceandFiction Editorial Board Mark Alpert Philip Ball Gregory Benford Michael Brotherton Victor Callaghan Amnon H Eden Nick Kanas Geoffrey Landis Rudi Rucker Dirk Schulze-Makuch Rüdiger Vaas Ulrich Walter Stephen Webb Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/11657 ScienceandFiction–ASpringerSeries This collection of entertaining and thought-provoking books will appeal equally to science buffs, scientists and science-fiction fans. It was born out of the recognition that scientificdiscoveryandthecreationofplausiblefictionalscenariosareoftentwosidesof thesamecoin.Eachreliesonanunderstandingofthewaytheworldworks,coupledwith theimaginativeabilitytoinventneworalternativeexplanations—andevenotherworlds. Authored by practicing scientists as well as writers of hard science fiction, these books explore and exploit the borderlands between accepted science and its fictional counterpart. Uncovering mutual influences, promoting fruitful interaction, narrating andanalyzingfictionalscenarios,togethertheyserveasareactionvesselforinspirednew ideasinscience,technology,andbeyond. Whether fiction, fact, or forever undecidable: the Springer Series “Science and Fiction”intendstogowherenoonehasgonebefore! Its largely non-technical books take several different approaches. Journey with their authorsasthey (cid:1) Indulgeinsciencespeculation–describingintriguing,plausibleyetunprovenideas; (cid:1) Exploit science fiction foreducational purposes and asameansofpromoting critical thinking; (cid:1) Explore the interplay of science and science fiction – throughout the history of the genreandlookingahead; (cid:1) Delveintorelatedtopicsincluding,butnotlimitedto:scienceasacreativeprocess,the limitsofscience,interplayofliteratureandknowledge; (cid:1) Tellfictionalshortstoriesbuiltaroundwell-definedscientificideas,withasupplement summarizingthescienceunderlyingtheplot. Readerscanlookforwardtoabroadrangeoftopics,asintriguingastheyareimportant. Herejustafewbywayofillustration: (cid:1) Timetravel,superluminaltravel,wormholes,teleportation (cid:1) Extraterrestrialintelligenceandaliencivilizations (cid:1) Artificialintelligence,planetarybrains,theuniverseasacomputer,simulatedworlds (cid:1) Non-anthropocentricviewpoints (cid:1) Syntheticbiology,geneticengineering,developingnanotechnologies (cid:1) Eco/infrastructure/meteorite-impactdisasterscenarios (cid:1) Futurescenarios,transhumanism,posthumanism,intelligenceexplosion (cid:1) Virtualworlds,cyberspacedramas (cid:1) Consciousnessandmindmanipulation (cid:129) Wallace Kaufman David Deamer The Hunt for FOXP5 A Genomic Mystery Novel WallaceKaufman DavidDeamer Newport,Oregon SantaCruz,California USA USA ISSN2197-1188 ISSN2197-1196 (electronic) ScienceandFiction ISBN978-3-319-28960-1 ISBN978-3-319-28961-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-28961-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016935426 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageand retrieval,electronic adaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilaror dissimilar methodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoes notimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors giveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissions thatmayhavebeenmade. Coverillustration:3dillustrationofvirusesattackingnervecells,conceptforNeurologicDiseases,tumorsand brainsurgery.ByRalwel/Shutterstock.com. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland For Meruert Yegemberdieva, a model of so much that is rich and wonderful in Kazakhstan and in our heroine Avalon, and with thanks for their welcome and friendship to her parents Zholdas and Rita, her grandparents Gulya and Zautbek. ThiSisaFMBlankPage Contents Part I The Novel. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . 1 1 The Hunt for FOXP5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Part II The Science Behind the Fiction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 2 Scientific Appendices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 vii Part I The Novel The Hunt for FOXP5 Like Sisyphus rollinghis boulderuptothe topofthehill onlyto haveittumbledownagain, thehumangenepool createshereditarygeniusinmanywaysinmanyplacesonly tohave itcomeapart inthe nextgeneration. E. O.Wilson 1978 Chapter 1 December 2020 fi ’ Students lled every seat in the University of Oregons biology lecture hall. Latecomersweresittingonsteps,andafewstudentsinT-shirtsandjeanswere standingbehindthelastrow.Theusuallowmurmurofconversationdiedaway whenthelightsdimmedandastrangeimageappearedonthescreenabovethe stage. Enthusiastic clapping erupted as the speaker emerged from behind the fi curtainandstrodecon dentlytothepodium.Shesteppedontoa6in.wooden boxputthereforher,andgrippedbothsidesofthepodiumasiftosteadyit.She stood quietly, smiling at the audience until the applause quieted. Then she releasedthepodiumanddirectedalasertowardtheimagesbehindher. “ fi Youseefourfacesonthescreen.The rstisobviouslyababoon.Thesecond — ’ youmightknowisabonobo,butthethirdyouwillhavetoguess itsHomo ” erectus,oneofourprimateancestors. Thespeakerthenusedthelaserbeamto circlethefourthimage,anillustrationfromNationalGeographicshowinganude fi femaleholdinganinfant.Shewasobviouslyhuman,buthaddarkskinand ne “ ’ ” furonherarmsandlegs. Thisisyourmother,andmine.WellcallherMa. Atwitteroflaughterroseinawaveofsoundthatcrestedandgraduallyspent itself in the darkened auditorium. The faces faded from the screen and a fi spotlight circled the small, trim gure in a white pants suit, her face framed by a neat helmet of black hair. Michelle Murphy at 36 did not stand out in a ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 W.Kaufman,D.Deamer,TheHuntforFOXP5,ScienceandFiction, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-28961-8_1