The human right to housing in the face of land policy and social citizenship : a global discourse analysis

281 Pages·2017·13.727 MB·English

by  Kolocek, Michael

The Human Right to Housing
in the Face of Land Policy
and Social Citizenship
Michael Kolocek
The Human Right
to Housing
in the Face of Land
Policy and Social
Citizenship
A Global Discourse Analysis
MichaelKolocek
SchoolofSpatialPlanning
TUDortmundUniversity
Dortmund,Germany
ISBN978-3-319-53488-6 ISBN978-3-319-53489-3(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-53489-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017937899
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Acknowledgments
The present book is rooted in the interdisciplinary research project
FLOOR (Financial Assistance, Land Policy, and Global Social Rights,
fl
www. oorgroup.de), partly funded by the German Research
Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). FLOOR was sepa-
rated into three sub-projects that were investigated by Ulrike Davy
(University of Bielefeld, FLOOR A), Lutz Leisering (University of
Bielefeld, FLOOR B), and Benjamin Davy (TU Dortmund
University, FLOOR C). Between 2007 and 2015, FLOOR examined
ff
human rights, citizenship, and global social policies from di erent
perspectives (e.g., Buschmann 2013; B. Davy et al. 2013; von
Gliszczynski 2015). My research was part of sub-project FLOOR C,
socio-ecological land policy. FLOOR C focused on the relationship
between the poor and the land (B. Davy 2009).
The empirical database (States Parties reports and Concluding
Observations under the monitoring system of the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) of this book has
been kindly provided by Ulrike Davy and her team from the Chair of
Constitutional and Administrative Law, International and German
Social Law, and Comparative Law (University of Bielefeld). I owe
many thanks to Ulrike Davy for providing the data, but also for sharing
thepassionfortheICESCRdiscourseasasourceforglobalcomparative
research.
v
vi Acknowledgments
The principal investigators and the research assistants of the FLOOR
projectalsosharedtheirideasandcriticalthoughts.Ienjoyedbeingpart
of this research group. I want to thank Lutz Leisering for the helpful
critiques and comments at decisive points in the course of my research.
Some of my ideas and theories were tested in the annual conferences
of the International Academic Association on Planning, Law, and
Property Rights (IA PLPR) in Belfast (2012), Haifa (2014), Volos
(2015), and Bern (2016). I want to particularly thank Thomas
ff
Hartmann and Rachelle Alterman for their helpful comments at di er-
ent stages of my research.
ff
I am grateful to Benjamin Davy for inventing the di usion maps
fi
which showcertain ndings ofthe presentanalysis.Ialsowantto thank
ff
Gabi Hartmann, Heinz Kobs, and Nadine Preuß who helped at di er-
ent stages during the design process of these maps.
The lists of references have been generated with the help of Citavi, a
reference managementprogram (www.citavi.com). The list ofthe States
Parties reports and the list of the Concluding Observations of the
fi fl
Committee are based on a Citavi le that Matthias Barutowicz chie y
ę ę
created as part of the FLOOR C project. Dzi kuj bardzo!
I am grateful to Sepideh Abaii, Sattwick Dey Biswas, Jackline
Kabahinda, Melanie Halfter, Astrid Maurer, Susanne Syska, and Yitu
ffi
Yang for asking di cult, but helpful questions. Special thanks go to
Luise Buschmann and Kathrina Völkner for their fruitful comments on
an early version of this book.
IwanttoparticularlythankBenjaminDavyforthemanyhundredsof
hours of discussion on land, poverty, housing, discourse theory, rights,
informality,andmanyothertopics.IlearnedmorethanIcouldputinto
one single book.
‘ ’
In the present book, I regard family as one actor group of others in
the context of human right to housing. In fact, family is much more
than that. I am so blessed to have you all in my life. Thank you!
Contents
1 Introduction 1
Part I Housing, Rights, Land Policy, and Global Social
Citizenship
2 The Monitoring of Human Rights 9
2.1 Discourse Analysis 9
2.2 The International Covenant on Economic, Social,
and Cultural Rights 22
2.3 The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights 27
2.4 ICESCR Member States 35
2.5 Human Rights between the Spoken Word
and the Spatial Reality 39
3 Discourses on Housing 41
3.1 Housing and the Law 42
3.2 Housing and Discourse Research 58
3.3 Homeownership and Renting 62
3.4 Homelessness and Spaces of Inadequate Housing 68
vii
viii Contents
4 Land Policy Meets Social Citizenship on a Global Level 77
4.1 Global Social Citizenship 78
4.2 Land Policy and Inadequate Housing 91
fi
4.3 A Theory of De-commodi cation of Land Use 105
Part II The Discourse on the Human Right Housing
Under the Monitoring System of the ICESCR
5 Changing Views: Housing in the Past Four Decades 121
–
5.1 First Period (1977 1989): The Experimental Phase 122
–
5.2 Second Period (1990 1999): Many Changes, Many
Challenges 127
–
5.3 Third Period (2000 2015): The Rise of Global Social
Citizenship 142
6 Comparative Discussion: Interpretations
of the Human Right to Housing 167
6.1 Housing in Numbers: The Global Distribution
of Housing Aspects 167
6.1.1 Inadequate Housing 168
6.1.2 Responding Actors 171
6.1.3 Disadvantaged and Vulnerable Groups 175
’
6.1.4 The Committees View 178
...
6.2 Comparison: Each State Is Unique, But 179
6.2.1 States with Several or No Focal Points 180
6.2.2 States with Low Attention 184
6.2.3 States Focused on Homelessness or Spaces
of Inadequate Housing 186
6.2.4 States Raising Their Poverty 192
6.2.5 States on the Road to Social Citizenship 197
7 Conclusion 213
Contents ix
Bibliography 223
States Index 259
Subject and Author Index 263
List of Abbreviations
1951 Convention Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
ACHR American Convention on Human Rights
AP-ESC Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter
Providing for a System of Collective Complaints
Arab CHR Arab Charter of Human Rights
ATLAS.ti ATLAS = (German) Archiv für Technik, Lebenswelt,
Alltagssprache;ti.=textinterpretation
BVerfGE German: Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
(Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court)
CDA Critical Discourse Analysis
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women
CERD Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination
CESCR, (UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
The Committee Rights
CFR Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union
CHR Commission on Human Rights
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
COs Concluding Observations
COHRE Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
xi