The Human Right to Citizenship: A Slippery Concept PDF
Preview The Human Right to Citizenship: A Slippery Concept
The Human Right to Citizenship PENNSYLVANIASTUDIESINHUMANRIGHTS BertB.Lockwood,Jr.,SeriesEditor Acompletelistofbooksintheseriesisavailablefromthepublisher. The Human Right to Citizenship A Slippery Concept Edited by Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann and Margaret Walton-Roberts UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PHILADELPHIA Copyright(cid:2)2015UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsusedforpurposesofreviewor scholarlycitation,noneofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanymeans withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Thehumanrighttocitizenship:aslipperyconcept/editedbyRhodaE.Howard- HassmannandMargaretWalton-Roberts. pages cm.—(Pennsylvaniastudiesinhumanrights) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-8122-4717-6 1.Citizenship.2.Citizenship—Politicalaspects.3.Nation-building.4.Aliens. 5.Immigrants.I.Howard-Hassmann,RhodaE.,1948–editor,author.II.Walton- Roberts,Margaret,1968–editor,author.III.Series:Pennsylvaniastudiesinhuman rights. JF801.S546 2015 323.6—dc 232015007981 C o n t e n t s Introduction:TheHumanRighttoCitizenship 1 RhodaE.Howard-Hassmann PARTI.THELEGALCONTEXT Chapter1.HumanRightsofNoncitizens 21 DavidWeissbrodt Chapter2.Statelessness:AMatterofHumanRights 31 KristyA.Belton PARTII.GROUPSTATELESSNESS Chapter3.ThePalestinianPeople:AmbiguitiesofCitizenship 45 MichalBaer Chapter4.StateofStatelessPeople:ThePlightofRohingya RefugeesinBangladesh 62 NassirUddin Chapter5.MobilizingAgainstStatelessness:TheCaseofBrazilian EmigrantCommunities 78 CarolinaMoulin vi Contents PARTIII.LEGISLATEDLIMBO Chapter6.Natives,Subjects,andWannabes:InternalCitizenshipProblems inPostcolonialNigeria 97 ChidiAnselmOdinkalu Chapter7.CapriciousCitizenship:Identity,Identification, andBanglo-Indians 115 SujataRamachandran Chapter8.AreChildren’sRightstoCitizenshipSlipperyorSlimy? 130 JacquelineBhabhaandMargaretaMatache Chapter9.HowCitizenshipLawsLeavetheRomainEurope’s Hinterland 145 HelenO’Nions PARTIV.LABORMIGRANTS Chapter10.SlipperySlopesintoIllegalityandtheErosionofCitizenshipin theUnitedStates 161 NancyHiemstraandAlisonMountz Chapter11.ManagedintotheMargins:ExaminingCitizenshipandHuman RightsofMigrantWorkersinCanada 176 JanetMcLaughlinandJennaHennebry PARTV.EMERGINGISSUESANDMODELS Chapter12.ShapeshiftingCitizenshipinGermany:Expansion,Erosion, andExtension 193 ThomasFaist Chapter13.MultipleCitizenshipsandSlipperyStatecraft 209 KimRygielandMargaretWalton-Roberts Contents vii Chapter14.StickyCitizenship 223 AudreyMacklin Conclusion:SlipperyCitizenshipandRetrenchingRights 240 MargaretWalton-Roberts Notes 255 ListofContributors 295 Index 301 Acknowledgments 315 This page intentionally left blank Introduction: The Human Right to Citizenship RhodaE.Howard-Hassmann Shortly after his arrival in Switzerland in 1939, Helmut Hassmann, a twenty-five-year-old refugee from Germany, wrote a short memoir of his escape via Italy and Yugoslavia, his months in prisons, and his fruitless attempts to obtain legalpapers either to stay in Italy or migrate elsewhere. ‘‘Being stateless—my grandfather was Russian, as was my father, even though his country of birth was Germany—I was unable to obtain any residenceorworkpermitabroad....You’resoutterlypowerless,soimpo- tent. . . . Whatever happened to human rights? Is there such a thing any- more?Isitnotamockeryofallhumanity,when,today,millionsareforced to wander about aimlessly, at the behest of a megalomaniacal criminal!? [Hitler]Wheneverycountryspitsthemoutagainlikeoutcasts.’’1 Helmut Hassmann had hit on a fundamental contradiction between humanandcitizenshiprights. Inorder toenjoywhat laterininternational lawbecameuniversalhumanrights,anindividualmustfirstenjoyhisright to a nationality, that is, to formal and complete nationality in at least one country.Universalhumanrightshingeonapriorparticularandexclusivist righttocitizenship.Thishasalwaysbeenthecase:theearlyU.S.andFrench declarations of rights ‘‘connected the concept of ‘human being’ with the idea of ‘citizen’. . . . Indeed, although natural rights theories granted every individual rights at birth, these rights could only be recognized and enforced in a practical way through membership in a State.’’2 There was andisa‘‘starkdichotomybetweenhumanrightsandcitizens’rights.’’3 Thuscitizenshipisalegalstatusthroughwhichtheindividualcanaccess rights and goods in the state of her nationality or nationalities. Helmut Hassmann was bornstateless because of the patriarchal Germanlaw of ius
The list of books you might like
