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The Human Person The Human Person A Beginner’s Thomistic Psychology Steven J. Jensen The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2018 The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jensen, Steven J., 1964– author. Title: The human person : a beginner's Thomistic psychology / Steven J. Jensen. Description: Washington, D.C. : The Catholic University of America Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018022376 | ISBN 9780813231525 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?–1274. | Theological anthropology. | Human beings. Classification: LCC B765.T54 J465 2018 | DDC 128.092—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018022376 For Rachel, Sam, and Sarah Studium philosophiae non est ad hoc quod sciatur quid homines senserint, sed qualiter se habeat veritas rerum. Thomas Aquinas, De caelo et mundo, I, 22 In memoriam Thomas E. Jensen 1929–2014 Ad perfectam beatitudinem requiritur quod intellectus pertingat ad ipsam essentiam primae causae. Et sic perfectionem suam habebit per unionem ad Deum sicut ad obiectum, in quo solo beatitudo hominis consistit. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I-II, 3, 8 Contents Contents Contents List of Figures and Tables, ix Acknowledgments, xi List of Abbreviations, xiii 1. Introduction, 1 2. Sensation, 8 3. Skepticism, 24 4. Internal Senses, 45 5. The Emotions, 64 6. Mechanism, 84 7. Materialism and Dualism, 103 8. Hylomorphism, 116 9. The Problem of Universal Knowledge, 132 1 0. Reason, 149 11. Immortality, 176 1 2. Freedom, 198 13. The Will, 220 14. Free Decision, 238 1 5. Purpose, 255 Selected Bibliography, 271 Index, 273 Figures and Tables figure 4-1 The order of knowing and the order of being, 50 figure 5-1 Inclinations, 69 figure 5-2 Powers of the soul, 80 * table 3-1 Primary and secondary in Locke and Aquinas, 39 table 4-1 The objects of three internal senses, 57 table 4-2 The four internal senses, 59 table 5-1 The concupiscible emotions, 72 table 5-2 Partial list of irascible emotions, 74 table 5-3 Complete list of emotions, 79 table 8-1 The composition of substances, 122 table 12-1 Three views on free will, 219 table 13-1 Acts of the will, 230 table 13-2 Acts of will with acts of intellect, 231 table 14-1 The four causes, 240 table 14-2 Necessity in the will, 243 ix