The Human Fossil Record: Brain Endocasts - The Paleoneurological Evidence, Volume Three PDF
Preview The Human Fossil Record: Brain Endocasts - The Paleoneurological Evidence, Volume Three
P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 The Human Fossil Record i P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 The Human Fossil Record Series Editors Jeffrey H. Schwartz DepartmentofAnthropology UniversityofPittsburgh Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania Ian Tattersall DepartmentofAnthropology AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory NewYork,NewYork TheHumanFossilRecord,VolumeOne:TerminologyandCraniodentalMorphologyof GenusHomo(Europe) byJeffreyH.Schwartz,IanTattersall TheHumanFossilRecord,VolumeTwo:CraniodentalMorphologyofGenusHomo (AfricaandAsia) byJeffreyH.Schwartz,IanTattersall ForthcomingVolume: TheHumanFossilRecord,VolumeFour:CraniodentalMorphologyofEarlyHominids byJeffreyH.Schwartz,IanTattersall ii P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 THE HUMAN FOSSIL RECORD Volume Three Brain Endocasts— The Paleoneurological Evidence Ralph L. Holloway Department of Anthropology Columbia University New York, New York Douglas C. Broadfield Department of Anthropology and Department of Biomedical Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida Michael S. Yuan School of Dental and Oral Surgery Columbia University New York, New York A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication iii P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.(cid:1)∞ Copyright(cid:1)c 2004byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.Allrightsreserved. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyform orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSections107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthe priorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978) 750-8400,fax(978)750-4744.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011, fax(201)748-6008,E-Mail:[email protected]. Fororderingandcustomerserviceinformationpleasecall1-800-CALL-WILEY. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Thehumanfossilrecord. p. ; cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences. Contents:v.3.BrainEndocasts—ThePaleoneurologicalEvidence/ RalphL.Holloway,DouglasC.Broadfield,MichaelS.Yuan ISBN0-471-41823-4(v.3:cloth:acid-freepaper) 1.Fossilhominids. I.Holloway,RalphL. II.Broadfield,DouglasC. III.Yuan,MichaelS. GN282.H83 2002 569.9—dc21 200102664 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 We dedicate this work to our families with love and thanks. v P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 Contents PREFACE xv EndocranialMorphologyand ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix Terminology 17 DescriptiveandFigureFormat 23 PART 1: BrainEvolutionandEndocasts PART 2: MethodsandMaterialsof INTRODUCTION 3 EndocastAnalysis LinesofEvidence,DIRECT and TotalEndocranialBrainVolume 29 INDIRECT 5 PartialBrainEndocastVolumes 30 BrainEndocasts 7 EndocastVolumeReliability 30 WhatIsaBrainEndocast? 7 BrainEndocastVolumesbyFormula 30 WhatDataCanBrainEndocasts AsymmetryObservationsand Provide? 8 Measures 31 TheData 8 Left-RightPetalias 31 Size 8 AsymmetriesoftheBroca’sCap MorphometricData(Seealso Region 31 Part 2: Methods and Materials of RegionalConvolutionalDetails 33 EndocastAnalysis) 9 MeningealPatterns 33 AsymmetryObservationsand Measurements 11 MorphometricAnalyses 35 MeningealPatternsandBlood PART 3: EndocastsofEarlyHominids Supply(ArterialandVenous) 11 BOURI 41 BiobehavioralSignificanceofBrain Endocasts 12 BOU-VP-12/130 41 AbsoluteBrainSize 12 GrossDescription 41 RelativeBrainSize 13 VolumeandMethod 41 The Reduction of Primary Visual EndocastDetails 41 CortexandtheLunateSulcus 14 TheFrontalandPrefrontalLobes 15 MorphometricData 41 TheTemporalLobe 17 Significance 42 vii P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 viii CONTENTS HADAR 44 KNM-ER407 58 AL288-1MORPH 44 KNM-ER732 58 KNM-ER23000 58 GrossDescription 44 AL162-28 44 VolumeandMethod 58 KNM-ER407 58 AL288-1 44 KNM-ER732 58 AL333-45 44 KNM-ER23000 59 AL333-105 44 AL444-2 44 EndocastDetails 59 KNM-ER407 59 VolumeandMethod 44 KNM-ER732 59 AL162-28 44 KNM-ER23000 59 AL288-1 45 AL333-45 45 MorphometricData 59 AL333-105 45 KNM-ER407 59 AL444-2 45 KNM-ER732 59 KNM-ER23000 59 EndocastDetails 45 AL162-28 45 Significance 59 AL288-1 45 KNM-ER407 59 AL333-45 45 KNM-ER732 60 AL333-105 46 KNM-ER23000 60 AL444-2 46 MAKAPANSGAT 63 MorphometricData 46 MLD1MORPH 63 AL162-28 46 GrossDescription 63 AL288-1 46 MLD1 63 AL333-45 46 MLD37/38 63 AL333-105 47 VolumeandMethod 63 AL444-2 47 MLD1 63 Significance 47 MLD37/38 63 AL162-28 47 EndocastDetails 63 AL288-1 47 MLD1 63 AL333-45 47 MLD37/38 64 AL333-105 47 MorphometricData 64 AL444-2 48 MLD1 64 KONSO 55 MLD37/38 64 KGA-10-525 55 Significance 64 MLD1 64 GrossDescription 55 MLD37/38 64 VolumeandMethod 55 OLDUVAI 66 EndocastDetails 55 OH5 66 MorphometricData 56 GrossDescription 66 Significance 56 VolumeandMethod 66 KOOBIFORA 58 EndocastDetails 66 KNM-ER407MORPH 58 MorphometricData 67 GrossDescription 58 Significance 67 P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 CONTENTS ix OMO 69 Stw505 77 OMOL338Y-6 69 Type2 77 Type3 77 GrossDescription 69 Significance 77 VolumeandMethod 69 Sts5 77 EndocastDetails 69 Sts19/58 77 MorphometricData 69 Sts26 77 Significance 70 Sts60 77 Sts71 77 STERKFONTEIN 72 Stw505 77 STS5MORPH 72 Type2 78 GrossDescription 72 Type3 78 Sts5 72 SWARTKRANS 90 Sts19/58 72 SK1585MORPH 90 Sts26 72 Sts60 72 GrossDescription 90 Sts71 72 SK54 90 Stw505 73 SK859 90 Type2 73 SK1585 90 Type3 73 VolumeandMethod 90 VolumeandMethod 73 SK54 90 Sts5 73 SK859 90 Sts19/58 73 SK1585 91 Sts26 73 EndocastDetails 91 Sts60 73 SK54 91 Sts71 73 SK859 91 Stw505 73 SK1585 91 Type2 74 MorphometricData 92 Type3 74 SK54 92 EndocastDetails 74 SK859 92 Sts5 74 SK1585 92 Sts19/58 74 Significance 92 Sts26 74 SK54 92 Sts60 74 SK859 92 Sts71 75 SK1585 92 Stw505 75 Type2 75 TAUNG 96 Type3 76 TAUNGCHILD 96 MorphometricData 76 GrossDescription 96 Sts5 76 VolumeandMethod 96 Sts19/58 76 EndocastDetails 97 Sts26 76 Sts60 76 MorphometricData 98 Sts71 76 Significance 98 P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 x CONTENTS TURKANA(WESTTURKANA) 102 JebelIrhoud1 115 KNM-WT17000MORPH 102 JebelIrhoud2 115 GrossDescription 102 Significance 115 KNM-WT13750 102 JebelIrhoud1 115 KNM-WT17000 102 JebelIrhoud2 115 KNM-WT17400 102 KABWE 120 VolumeandMethod 102 GrossDescription 120 KNM-WT13750 102 VolumeandMethod 120 KNM-WT17000 102 EndocastDetails 120 KNM-WT17400 102 MorphometricData 120 EndocastDetails 102 Significance 121 KNM-WT13750 102 KNM-WT17000 103 KOOBIFORA 123 KNM-WT17400 103 KNM-ER1470MORPH 123 MorphometricData 103 GrossDescription 123 KNM-WT13750 103 VolumeandMethod 123 KNM-WT17000 103 EndocastDetails 123 KNM-WT17400 103 MorphometricData 124 Significance 103 Significance 124 KNM-WT13750 103 KNM-ER1813MORPH 124 KNM-WT17000 103 GrossDescription 124 KNM-WT17400 104 KNM-ER1813 124 KNM-ER1805 124 PART 4A: Africa VolumeandMethod 125 BODO 111 KNM-ER1813 125 GrossDescription 111 KNM-ER1805 125 EndocastDetails 125 VolumeandMethod 111 KNM-ER1813 125 EndocastDetails 111 KNM-ER1805 125 MorphometricData 111 MorphometricData 125 Significance 111 KNM-ER1813 125 KNM-ER1805 126 JEBELIRHOUD(JEBELIGHOUD) 114 Significance 126 GrossDescription 114 KNM-ER1813 126 JebelIrhoud1 114 KNM-ER1805 126 JebelIrhoud2 114 KNM-ER992MORPH 126 VolumeandMethod 114 GrossDescription 126 JebelIrhoud1 114 KNM-ER1590 126 JebelIrhoud2 114 KNM-ER3732 126 EndocastDetails 114 KNM-ER3733 127 JebelIrhoud1 114 KNM-ER3883 127 JebelIrhoud2 115 VolumeandMethod 127 MorphometricData 115 KNM-ER1590 127 P1:GKW WY005-FM WY005-Holloway WY005-Holloway-v4.cls April12,2004 17:14 CONTENTS xi KNM-ER3732 127 OH24 145 KNM-ER3733 127 MorphometricData 145 KNM-ER3883 127 OH7 145 EndocastDetails 127 OH13 146 KNM-ER1590 127 OH16 146 KNM-ER3732 127 OH24 146 KNM-ER3733 127 Significance 146 KNM-ER3883 128 OH7 146 MorphometricData 128 OH13 146 KNM-ER1590 128 OH16 146 KNM-ER3732 128 OH24 146 KNM-ER3733 128 OH9MORPH 147 KNM-ER3883 128 GrossDescription 147 Significance 129 OH9 147 KNM-ER1590 129 OH12 147 KNM-ER1470 129 VolumeandMethod 147 KNM-ER3732 129 OH9 147 KNM-ER3733 129 OH12 147 KNM-ER3883 129 EndocastDetails 147 NARIOKOTOME OH9 147 (WESTTURKANA) 139 OH12 147 KNM-WT15000 139 MorphometricData 147 GrossDescription 139 OH9 147 VolumeandMethod 139 OH12 148 EndocastDetails 139 Significance 148 OH9 148 MorphometricData 139 OH12 148 Significance 140 ´ SALE 156 OLDUVAIGORGE 143 GrossDescription 156 OH7MORPH 143 VolumeandMethod 156 GrossDescription 143 OH7 143 EndocastDetails 156 OH13 143 MorphometricDetails 156 OH16 143 Significance 156 OH24 143 VolumeandMethod 143 PART 4B: Asia,EasternandCentral OH7 143 OH13 144 NGANDONG(SOLO) 163 OH16 144 GrossDescription 163 OH24 144 Ngandong1(SoloI) 163 EndocastDetails 144 Ngandong6(SoloV) 163 OH7 144 Ngandong7(SoloVI) 163 OH13 144 Ngandong13(SoloX) 163 OH16 145 Ngandong14(SoloXI) 163
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