The Human Cost of Food: Farmworkers’ Lives, Labor, and Advocacy PDF
Preview The Human Cost of Food: Farmworkers’ Lives, Labor, and Advocacy
The Human Cost of Food Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 1 of 357 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK The Human Cost of Food Farmworkers’ Lives, Labor, and Advocacy Edited by Charles D. Thompson, Jr., and Melinda F. Wiggins university of texas press Austin Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 3 of 357 ‘‘Standing Idly By: ‘Organized’ Farmworkers in South Florida during the Depression and World War II’’ by Cindy Hahamovitch was reprinted in its entirety from Southern Labor in Transition, 1940–1995 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997). Used with permission. ‘‘Bella Juventud’’/ ‘‘Wonderful Youth’’ by Gloria Velásquez is reprinted with permission from the publisher of I Used to Be a Superwoman (Houston: Arte Público Press, University of Houston, 1997). The lyrics of the song ‘‘El Otro México’’ written by Enrique Franco are reprinted with the permis- sion of Los Tigres del Norte, San Jose, California. Copyright © 2002 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2002 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, University of Texas Press, P.O. Box 7819, Austin, TX 78713-7819. The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) (Permanence of Paper). Every effort has been made to trace any copyright owners. The University of Texas Press will be happy to hear from any who proved impossible to contact. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The human cost of food : farmworkers’ lives, labor, and advocacy / edited by Charles D. Thompson, Jr., and Melinda F. Wiggins.— 1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 0-292-78177-6 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-292-78178-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Migrant agricultural laborers—Southern States. 2. Migrant agricultural laborers—Government policy—United States. 3. Social advocacy— Southern States.—I. Thompson, Charles Dillard. II. Wiggins, Melinda. HD1527 .S85 H86 2002 331.5'44'0975—dc21 2002000859 Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 4 of 357 To all SAF interns, and in memory of 1994 SAF intern Oliver Townes (1942–1999). As with too many of the farmworkers he supported, Oliver’s death was due, in part, to having no health care insurance. Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 5 of 357 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Contents List of Abbreviations ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Lucas Benitez Sowing Seeds for Change symposium address 1 Charles D. Thompson, Jr. Introduction 2 Wendy Daniels Ibarra The Virgin of Guadalupe, interview of Carmen Tomás 21 Alejandra Okie Holt and CHAPTER 1. Making Home: Culture, Ethnicity, Sister Evelyn Mattern and Religion among Farmworkers in the Southeastern United States 22 Lucas Benitez Sowing Seeds for Change symposium address 53 Charles D. Thompson, Jr. CHAPTER 2. Layers of Loss: Migrants, Small Farmers, and Agribusiness 55 Rachel LaCour Niesen Life on Easy Street 87 Cindy Hahamovitch CHAPTER 3. Standing Idly By: ‘‘Organized’’ Farmworkers in South Florida during the Depression and World War II 89 Joe Bagby Rifaré mi suerte/I’ll Raffle My Luck, interview of Humberto Zapata Alvizo 111 Garry G. Geffert CHAPTER 4. H-2A Guestworker Program: A Legacy of Importing Agricultural Labor 113 Roman Rodriguez Testimony at Hearing before the Commission on Agricultural Workers 137 Greg Schell CHAPTER 5. Farmworker Exceptionalism under the Law: How the Legal System Contributes to Farmworker Poverty and Powerlessness 139 Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 7 of 357 viii The Human Cost of Food Rachel Avery Wells Farms 167 Kris Adams The Conditions at the Camp Are Not Great, interview of Vanessa 168 Christopher Holden CHAPTER 6. Bitter Harvest: Housing Conditions of Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers 169 Jenny Carroll The History WeWrote This Summer 195 Colin Austin CHAPTER 7. The Struggle for Health in Times of Plenty 198 Marcella Hurtado Gomez That Summer 219 Gloria Velasquez Bella Juventud/Wonderful Youth 220 Ramiro Arceo, Joy CHAPTER 8. Understanding the Challenges Kusserow, and Al Wright and Potential of Migrant Students 222 Melinda Steele I Don’t Think People Give Up, interview of Sheila Payne 247 Paul Ortiz CHAPTER 9. From Slavery to Cesar Chavez and Beyond: Farmworker Organizing in the United States 249 Lucas Benitez Sowing Seeds for Change symposium address 277 Melinda F. Wiggins CONCLUSION. An Invocation to Act 278 APPENDIX I. Developing a Syllabus on Farmworker Advocacy 299 APPENDIX II. Farmworker-Related Organizations and Agencies 307 APPENDIX III. Recommended Readings 313 Works Cited 317 Contributors 331 Index 333 Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 8 of 357 List of Abbreviations AEWR Adverse Effect Wage Rate AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children AHS American Housing Survey AWOC Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee AWPA Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act BWI British West Indies BWICLO British West Indies Central Labour Organization CAMP College Assistance Migrant Program CBO Community-Based Organization CDBG Community Development Block Grant CHIP Children’s Health Insurance Program CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIW Coalition of Immokalee Workers CORE Congress of Racial Equality CSM Chateau Ste. Michelle CSO Community Service Organization DOL Department of Labor ECMHSP East Coast Migrant Head Start Program EPA Environmental Protection Agency ES Employment Service ESL English as a Second Language ETA Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FERA Federal Emergency Relief Administration FHSI Farmworker Health and Safety Institute FHSI Farmworker Health Services, Inc. FLCRA Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act FLOC Farm Labor Organizing Committee Tseng 2002.4.23 13:03 6575 Thompson / THE HUMAN COST OF FOOD / sheet 9 of 357
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