The human constitution

465 Pages·1997·1.06 MB·English

by  Saint Thomas (Aquinas)

THE HUMAN CONSTITUTION

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THE HUMAN CONSTITUTION
St. Thomas Aquinas
Translated and with an Introduction
by Richard J. Regan
Scranton: University of Scranton Press
© 1997 By the University of Scranton Press
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?-1274.
[Summatheologica. Pars 1. Quaestio 75-118. English] The human
constitution / Thomas Aquinas ; translated and with an introduction by
Richard J. Regan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-940866-62-5 (hard). - ISBN 0-940866-63-3 (pbk.) 1. Man
(Christian theology) - Early works to 1800. 2. Philosophical theology.
I. Regan, Richard J. II. Title.
BT740.T4913 1997 9649915
233'.5dc21 CIP
Marketing and Distribution
Fordham University Press
University Box L
Bronx NY 10458
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Page v
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Note on the Text and Translation xi
Introduction xiii
Biblical Abbreviations xxiii
Other Abbreviations xxv
Works Cited by St. Thomas xxvii
Authors Cited by St. Thomas xxxi
ST I
Q. 75: On Human Beings, Who Are Composite 1
Spiritual and Material Substances, and First
Concerning the Essence of the Soul
A. 1. Is the Soul a Material Substance?
A. 2. Is the Human Soul Something Subsistent?
A. 3. Are the Souls of Irrational Animals
Subsistent?
A. 4. Is the Human Soul the Human Being?
A. 5. Is the Human Soul Composed of Matter and
Form?
A. 6. Can the Human Soul Pass Away?
Q. 76: On the Union of the Soul to the Body 17
A. 1. Is the Source of Intellection United to the
Body as the Body's Form?
A. 2. Does Multiplicity of Bodies Multiply the
Source of Intellection?
A. 3. Do Human Beings Have Other, Essentially
Different Souls Besides the Intellectual Soul?
A. 4. Is there any other Form in Human Beings
Besides the Intellectual Soul?
A. 5. Is the Intellectual Soul Suitably United to the
Body?
A. 8. Is the Whole Soul in Every Part of the Body?
Q. 78: On the Powers of the Soul in Particular 45
A. 1. Should We Distinguish Five Kinds of Powers
of the Soul?
A. 2. Do We Suitably Assign the Vegetative Parts
of the Soul, Namely, Powers of Nutrition, Growth,
and Generation?
Page vi
A. 3. Do We Suitably Distinguish the Five External
Senses?
A. 4. Do We Suitably Distinguish the Internal
Senses?
Q. 79: On the Intellectual Powers of the Soul 61
A. 1. Is the Intellect a Power of the Soul?
A. 2. Is the Intellect a Passive Power?
A. 3. Should We Posit an Active Intellect?
A. 4. Is the Active Intellect Something Belonging to
Our Soul?
A. 6. Is there Memory in the Intellectual Part of the
Soul?
A. 8. Is Reason a Different Power from the Intellect?
A. 12. Is Synderesis a Special Intellectual Power
Distinct from the Others?
A. 13. Is Conscience a Power?
Q. 80: On the Appetitive Powers in General 81
A. 1. Are Appetites Special Powers of the Soul?
A. 2. Are Sense and Intellectual Appetites Different
Powers?
Q. 81: On Sensuality 85
A. 1. Is Sensuality only Appetitive?
A. 2. Do We Distinguish Sense Appetites into
Distinct Irascible and Concupiscible Powers?
A. 3. Do the Irascible and Concupiscible Powers
Obey Reason?
Q. 82: On the Will 93
A. 1. Does the Will Desire Anything Necessarily?
A. 2. Does the Will Will Necessarily Everything that
It Wills?
A. 3. Is the Will a Higher Power than the Intellect?
A. 4. Does the Will Move the Intellect?
Q. 83: On Free Choice 103
A. 1. Do Human Beings Have Free Choice?
A. 2. Is Free Choice a Power?
A. 3. Is Free Choice an Appetitive Power?
Q. 84: How the Soul, While United to the Body, 111
Understands Material Things Inferior to Itself
Page vii
A. 1. Does the Soul Know Material Substances
Intellectually?
A. 2. Does the Soul Know Material Things by
Reason of Its Essence?
A. 3. Does the Soul Understand Every Kind of Thing
by Forms Implanted in It by Nature?
A. 4. Do Intelligible Forms Flow into the Soul from
Certain Separate Forms?
A. 5. Does the Intellectual Soul Know Material
Things in the Eternal Natures of Things?
A. 6. Do We Obtain Intellectual Knowledge from
Sensibly Perceptible Things?
A. 7. Can the Intellect Without Recourse to Sense
Images
Actually Understand by Means of Intelligible Forms
in Its Possession?
A. 8. Does Restraint of the Senses Prevent the
Intellect's Judgment?
Q. 85: On the Ways and Order of Understanding 135
A. 1. Does Our Intellect Understand Corporeal and
Material Things by Abstracting from Sense Images?
A. 2. Are the Intelligible Forms Abstracted from
Sense Images Related to Our Intellect as the Things
It Understands?
A. 3. Are More Universal Things the First Things We
Know Intellectually?
A. 4. Can We Understand Many Things at the Same
Time?
A. 5. Does Our Intellect Understand by Composing
and Dividing?
A. 6. Can the Intellect Be False?
A. 7. Can One Person Understand the Very Same
Thing Better than Another Person Can?
Q. 86: What Our Intellect Knows in the Case of 157
Material Things
A. 1. Does Our Intellect Know Individual Things?
A. 2. Can Our Intellect Know Unlimited Things?
A. 3. Does Our Intellect Know Contingent Things?
A. 4. Does Our Intellect Know Future Things?
Page viii
Q. 87: How the Intellectual Soul Knows Itself and the167
Things Existing in Itself
A. 1. Does the Intellectual Soul Know Itself by
Means of Its Essence?
A. 2. Does Our Intellect Know the Characteristic
Dispositions of the Soul by Their Essences?
A. 3. Does the Intellect Know Its Own Acts?
A. 4. Does the Intellect Understand Acts of the Will?
Q. 88: How the Soul Knows Things Superior to Itself177
A. 1. Can the Human Soul in the Condition of Our
Present Life Understand Immaterial Substances
Precisely as Such?
A. 2. Can Our Intellect by Its Knowledge of Material
Things Come to Understand Immaterial Substances?
A. 3. Is God the First Thing that the Human Mind
Knows?
Q. 90: On the First Production of Human Beings
Regarding the Soul 187
A. 1. Is the Soul Made, or Is It part of God's
Substance?
A. 2. Does Creation Bring the Soul into Existence?
A. 3. Does God Directly Produce the Rational Soul?
A. 4. Was the Human Soul Produced Before the
Body?