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297 Pages·1994·20.2 MB·English
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THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER TRANSLATION, COMMENTARY, AND INTERPRETIVE ESSAYS Edited by Helene P. Foley PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY COPYRIGHT © 1994 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS "POLITICS AND POMEGRANATES" COPYRIGHT © 1977 BY MARILYN A. KATZ PUBLISHED BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 41 WILLIAM STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX LIBRARTOF CONGRESS CAJALOGING-IN-PUBUCATIONDA1A THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER: TRANSLATION, COMMENTARY, AND INTERPRETIVE ESSAYS / HELENE P. FOLEY. P. CM. INCLUDES A TRANSLATION, THE GREEK TEXT, A LITERARY COMMENTARY, A DISCUSSION OF THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES AND RELATED CULTS OF DEMETER, AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY BY H. P. FOLEY, AND 5 PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED ARTICLES ON THE POEM AND RELATED ISSUES. INCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND INDEX. ISBN 0-691-06843-7 — ISBN 0-691-01479-5 1. HYMN TO DEMETER. 2. HYMNS, GREEK (CLASSICAL)—TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH. 3. HYMNS, GREEK (CLASSICAL)—HISTORY AND CRITICISM. 4. DEMETER (GREEK MYTHOLOGY) IN LITERATURE. 5. ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES IN LITERATURE. 6. DEMETER (GREEK MYTHOLOGY)—POETRY. I. FOLEY, HELENE P., 1942- . II. HYMN TO DEMETER. ENGLISH & GREEK. 1993. PA4023.H83H66 1993 883'.01—DC20 93-761 THIS BOOK HAS BEEN COMPOSED IN GALLIARD THE PAPER USED IN THIS PUBLICATION MEETS THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) {PERMANENCE OF PAPER) THIRD PRINTING, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ADDENDUM, AND FIRST PRINTING IN THE MYTHOS SERIES, 1999 HTTP://PUP.PRINCETON.EDU PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 7 9 10 8 ISBN-13: 978-0-691-01479-1 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-691-01479-5 (pbk.) For Nicholas Foley CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi PART 1. THE TEXT AND TRANSLATION, COMMENTARY, AND BACKGROUND 1 TEXT AND TRANSLATION OF THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 2 COMMENTARY ON THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 28 BACKGROUND: THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES AND WOMEN'S RITES FOR DEMETER 65 PART 2. INTERPRETIVE ESSAY ON THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 77 INTERPRETING THE HTMN TO DEMETER 83 THE "THEOLOGY" OF THE MYSTERIES 84 VARIANTS OF THE MYTH AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE VERSION IN THE HTMN TO DEMETER 97 FEMALE EXPERIENCE IN THE HYMN TO DEMETER 103 MARRIAGE 104 GENDER CONFLICT AND THE COSMOLOGICAL TRADITION 112 THE MOTHER/DAUGHTER ROMANCE 118 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE MYSTERIES 137 THE HYMN TO DEMETER AND THE POLIS 142 CHRISTIANITY AND THE HYMN TO DEMETER 150 THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYMN TO DEMETER AND ITS MYTH 151 APPENDIX 169 Eleusis and Athens 169 The Hymn to Demeter as a Panhellenic Poem 175 viii CONTENTS PART 3. FURTHER INTERPRETATION: CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES 179 WITHDRAWAL AND RETURN: AN EPIC STORY PATTERN IN THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER AND IN THE HOMERIC POEMS 181 MARY LOUISE LORD SOME FUNCTIONS OF THE DEMOPHOON EPISODE IN THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 190 NANCY FELSON-RUBIN AND HARRIET M . DEAL CONCERNING THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 198 JEAN RUDHARDT; TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY LAVINIA LORCH AND HELENE P. FOLEY POLITICS AND POMEGRANATES: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE HOMERIC HYMN TO DEMETER 212 MARILYN ARTHUR, WITH A PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR WRITTEN TWENTY YEARS LATER FAMILY STRUCTURE AND FEMININE PERSONALITY 243 NANCY CHODOROW BIBLIOGRAPHY 266 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ADDENDUM 281 INDEX LOCORUM 283 GENERAL INDEX 289 ILLUSTRATIONS After p. 75 1. Hades' abduction of Persephone. Apulian red-figure hydria of the fourth century B.C.E. Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of Miss Matilda W. Bruce, 1907 (07.128.1). 2. Marble relief of Demeter and Kore (or Hekate?) with torches. Ca. 460 B.C.E. Eleusis Museum 5085. Photo German Archaeological Institute at Athens, Ele- usis 298. 3. The Torre Nova Sarcophagus. Palazzo Borghese, Rome. Photo courtesy of the German Archaeological Institute, Rome. 4. The Return of Persephone: Persephone rising from the earth in the presence of Hermes, Hekate, and Demeter. Attic red-figure bell-krater, attributed to the Persephone painter. Ca. 440 B.C.E. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1928 (28.57.23). 5. Demeter's Return to Olympus. Attic black-figure hydria. Ca. 520 B.C.E. Martin Von Wagner Museum 308, University of Wurzburg. Photo: K. Oehrlein. 6. General Plan of the Sanctuary at Eleusis (by John N. Travlos), illustration 17 from Carl Kerenyi, Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter, trans. Ralph Manheim (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), Bollingen Series 65.4. 7. Attic clay stand from Eleusis depicting Demeter enthroned with a polos and garland, Kore wearing a polos and holding a branch, and a procession of worshipers. Athens, National Museum 501. Ca. 500 B.C.E.

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The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, composed in the late seventh or early sixth century B.C.E., is a key to understanding the psychological and religious world of ancient Greek women. The poem tells how Hades, lord of the underworld, abducted the goddess Persephone and how her grieving mother, Demeter, the
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