The Holy Land in the Middle Ages: six travelers' accounts PDF
Preview The Holy Land in the Middle Ages: six travelers' accounts
THE HOLY LAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES S T ’ a ix ravelerS ccounTS THE HOLY LAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES S T ’ a ix ravelerS ccounTS ITALICA PRESS New York 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Italica Press Italica Press Historical Travel Series ITALICA PRESS, INC. 595 Main Street New York, New York 10044 [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other- wise, without prior permission of Italica Press. It may not be used in a course-pack or any other collection without prior permission of Italica Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Title: The Holy Land in the Middle Ages : six travelers’ accounts. Description: New York, New York : Italica Press, 2015. | Series: Italica Press historical travel series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016047243 (print) | LCCN 2016052660 (ebook) | ISBN 9781599103129 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781599103136 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781599103099 (diskette) | ISBN 9781599103105 (Kindle/ Mobi) | ISBN 9781599103112 ( epub) Subjects: LCSH: Palestine--History--To 1500. | Palestine--Description and travel. | Pilgrims and pilgrimages--Palestine. Classification: LCC DS117 .H65 2015 (print) | LCC DS117 (ebook) | DDC 956.94/031--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047243 Cover illustration: Map of the Holy Land, from Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Antwerp: Officina Plantiniana, 1595). For a Complete List of Titles in Historical Travel Please visit our Website at: http://www.italicapress.com/index004.html Contents Illustrations viii Preface xi The Pilgrimage of the Holy Paula and the Letter of Paula and Eustochium 1 Introduction 1 The Pilgrimage of the Holy Paula by St. Jerome 7 The Letter of Paula and Eustochium to Marcella about the Holy Places 21 The Description of Syria and Palestine by Mukaddasi 27 Introduction 27 The District of Palestine by Mukaddasi 37 Diary of a Journey through Syria and Palestine by Nâsir-i-Khusrau 55 Introduction 55 Preface 62 Diary of a Journey through Syria & Palestine by Nâsir-i-Khusrau 63 Guide to the Holy Land by Theoderich of Würzburg 127 Preface to the First Edition 127 Preface 135 Introduction 137 Prologue 152 Guide to the Holy Land by Theoderich of Würzburg 153 The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela 217 Introduction 217 Excerpt from the Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela 227 Gazetteer 241 Bibliography 313 Reference Works 313 Primary Sources 313 Secondary Works 316 Maps and Views of the Holy Land 321 Detail of Map of the Holy Land, c.1140. 322 Sallust-Type Map, c.1200. 324 v The holy land View of the Holy Land by Abraham and Jehuda Cresques, 1375. 325 View of the Holy Land (left panel) by Bernhard von Breydenbach, 1486. 326 View of the Holy Land (center panel) by Bernhard von Breydenbach, 1486. 328 View of the Holy Land (right panel) by Bernhard von Breydenbach, 1486. 330 World Map with Jerusalem at the Center, 1581. 332 Map of the Holy Land by Marino Sanudo, 1611. 334 Maps and Views of Jerusalem 337 Madaba Map of Jerusalem, c.570. 338 Plan of Jerusalem, c.1200. 340 Plan of Jerusalem, c.1200. 341 Map of Jerusalem by Nicolas of Lyra, c.1270–1349. 342 View of Jerusalem by Nicolas, of Lyra, c.1270–1349. 344 View of Jerusalem, c.1455. 345 View of Jerusalem by Conrad Grünenberg, 1487. 346 View of Jerusalem by Hartmann Schedel, 1493. 348 Destruction of Jerusalem by Hartmann Schedel, 1493. 350 Imaginary View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Brant, 1515. 352 View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Muenster, 1550. 353 View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Muenster, 1550. 354 View of Jerusalem by Noe Bianchi, ante 1569. 356 Map of Jerusalem by Benedictus Arias Montanus, 1572. 357 Woodcut Map of Jerusalem, c.1580. 358 Map of Jerusalem by Electus Zwinner, 1661. 360 Plans of Important Buildings 363 Plan of Jerusalem. 364 Plan of Solomon’s Temple. 365 Plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. 366 Plan of the Dome of the Rock. 367 Plan of El Aksâ Mosque, c.985. 368 Plan of El Aksâ Mosque, 1888. 369 Plan of the Temple Mount. 370 Plan of the Cave of the Patriarchs. 372 Index 373 vi Illustrations Frontispiece. Caravan to Cathay. Atlas Catalan, 1375. Abraham and Jehuda Cresques. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Esp. 30. ii T-O World Map. From Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum…, 1472. x Achon: Crusader sea wall, c.1920–33. 241 Achon: St. Jean d’Acre April 24th 1839 by David Roberts. 242 Achon: The Crusader Castle, c.1920–33. 242 Ajalon: Valley of Ajalon and Beth Horon, c.1900–20. 243 Al Madînah: Courtyard (southeast corner) of the holy mosque with the Garden of Fâtima. 243 Aleppo: View of from the castle, c.1900–20. 244 Ammân: View from acropolis hill, showing Roman theater [Solomon’s Circus], c.1920–33. 245 View of Ascalon. 247 Bethel, c.1900–20. 248 Bethlehem by David Roberts, April 6th 1839. 248 Bethlehem, the Manger, between c.1890 and c.1900. 249 Bethlehem: Shrine of the Nativity Bethlehem, April 6th 1839 by David Roberts. 250 Bethlehem: Tomb of David by P. Bergheim, between 1860 and 1880. 250 Bethphage, between 1898 and 1914. 251 Bethsames (Beth Shemesh), May 1931. 252 Bethsaida, approximately 1900 to 1920. 252 Bethsan, between 1900 and 1920. 253 Ain Gedeirat, possibly Cadesbarne, between 1920 and 1933. 254 Caesarea: Ruins of ancient sea-front, c.1920 to 1933. 254 Cana, between 1989 and 1946. 255 Capernaum: Ruins of the synagogue. (Tel Hum), between 1898 and 1943. 256 Cariathiarim: Crusader church, north aisle, Oct. 10, 1941. 256 Cariathiarim: Excavations at Tell Beit Mirsim (Kirjath-Sepher) 1926. 257 Dead Sea: looking towards Moab by David Roberts, April 4th 1839. 258 Fountain of Elisha, approximately 1900 to 1920. 259 vii The holy land Gibeleth, approximately 1900 to 1920. 260 Haifâ: View from top of Carmel approximately 1920 to 1933. 261 Hebron, between 1950 and 1977. Matson Photo service. 262 Jaffa by David Roberts, March 26th 1839. 263 Idumaea: Sunrise over Mountains of Edom from Dead Sea, c.1910. 263 Mosque el-Aksâ, approximately 1934 to 1939. 264 Bethany by David Roberts, April 1st 1839. 265 Tomb of Lazarus, between 1898 and 1914. 266 Jerusalem: Dome of the Ascension, between 1898 and 1946. 268 Dome of the Chain: Interior, 1940–46. 269 Gate Dâûd: David’s Gate, date unknown. 270 Gate of David’s Oratory: Jaffa Gate by P. Bergheim, between 1860 and 1880. 271 Damascus Gate. 273 Golden Gate by David Roberts, published 1842. 274 Gethsemane and Mount of Olive, 1933 or 1934. 275 Gethsemane, Church of St. Mary, Tomb of the Virgin, by P. Bergheim, between 1860 and 1880. 276 Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Crusader’s Façade, photo between 1898 and 1946. 277 Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Holy Sepulcher Chapel, between 1989 and 1914. 280 Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Chapel of St. Helena, published February 8, 1944. 281 Jerusalem: Chapel of Calvary in Church of the Holy Sepulcher, March 1942. Top, Greek, Left, Latin. 282 Jerusalem: Chapel of the Invention of the Cross in Church of the Holy Sepulcher, between 1898 and 1914. 283 Jerusalem: Mount of Olives and Gethsemane, general view, between c.1890 and c.1900. 285 Jerusalem: Church of the Ascension on the Mount of Olives by Francis Frith, 1862? 286 Fountain of Siloam in the Valley of Jehosophat by David Roberts, published 1842 287 Church of St. Anne, approximately 1900 to 1920. 289 Jerusalem: Stone of Unction, between 1934 and 1939. 290 Jerusalem: The Dome of the Rock, south façade, ablution basin through the cypress trees, between 1898 and 1946. 291 viii IllustratIons Jerusalem: The Dome of the Rock, north façade from arched street, between 1898 and 1946. 292 Jerusalem: Tomb of Absalom, photo by P. Bergheim, between 1860 and 1980. 293 Jerusalem: Tower of David with Citadel in background between 1898 and 1946 (above); Via Dolorosa, between 1898 and 1914 (below left). 294 Jordan River, between 1920 and 1933. 295 Jerusalem: Valleys of Jehoshaphat and Hinnom with Kedron Brook, between c.1900 and 1920. 295 Sea of Kinnereth, c.1925 to 1946. 297 Brook of Kedumin (Kishon River), between 1900 and 1920. 297 Christian Church of St George at Lud ancient Lydda by David Roberts, March 29 1839. 298 Mecca: Bird’s-eye view of uncrowded Kaaba, c.1910. 299 Mambre Excavations, between 1950 and 1977. 299 Mount Ebal & Mount Gerizim, with Nâblus in foreground, between 1898 and 1946. 300 Mount Tabor from the Plain of Esdraelon by David Roberts, April 19th 1839. 302 Nâblus, between 1898 and 1946. 303 Nazareth by David Roberts, April 28th 1839. 303 Paneas, the ancient Caesarea Philippi by Francis Frith, 1862? 304 View from Quarantana of the Jordan Valley, approximately 1900 to 1920. 305 Ramleh, between c.1890 and c.1900. 306 Samaria: Church of St. John, interior, approximately 1900–1920. 307 Sarepta by David Roberts, April 27th 1839. 308 Sepphoris: Roman remains, approximately 1920 to 1933. 309 Tiberias: view, between 1934 and 1939. 311 Tomb of Rachel, on the road near Bethlehem, between 1898 and 1946. 311 Ancient Tyre from the Isthmus by David Roberts, April 27th 1839. 312 • ix T-O World Map showing the three continents separated by the “T” of the waters. The Holy Land is at the center of the world’s “O.” From Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum libri xx. Augsburg: Günther Zainer, 1472.
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