The history of western Africa PDF
Preview The history of western Africa
THE HISTORY OF WESTERN AFRICA THE BRITANNICA GUIDE TO AFRICA THE HISTORY OF WESTERN AFRICA EDITED BY AMY MCKENNA, SENIOR EDITOR, GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Amy McKenna: Senior Editor, Geography and History Rosen Educational Services Shalini Saxena: Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager Nicole Russo: Designer Matthew Cauli: Cover Design Introduction by Monique Vescia Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The history of western Africa / edited by Amy McKenna.—1st ed. p. cm.—(The Britannica guide to Africa) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61530399-1 (eBook) 1. Africa, West--History. I. McKenna, Amy, 1969- DT475.H577 2011 966—dc22 2010021500 On the cover: A Tuareg herder rests with his camels in Timbuktu, once a thriving centre of trade and Islamic scholarship in Mali. © www.istockphoto.com / Alan Tobey On pages 1, 17, 39, 57, 81, 86, 91, 99, 103, 108, 114, 119, 124, 134, 139, 146, 153, 162, 167, 173, 194, 200, 207: Partial view of Elmina Castle (formerly called São Jorge da Mina) in present-day Ghana. Issouf Sanogo/AFP/Getty Images CONTENTS Introduction CHAPTER 1: EARLY HISTORY Muslims in Western Africa The Sudan The States of the Sudan The Early Kingdoms and Empires of the Western Sudan The Wider Influence of the Sudanic Kingdoms Fulani CHAPTER 2: THE BEGINNINGS OF EUROPEAN ACTIVITY The Rise of the Atlantic Slave Trade Anglo-French Competition Dutch West India Company The Slave-Trade Era Pre-European Slave Trading The Southward Expansion of Oyo CHAPTER 3: PRE-COLONIZATION DEVELOPMENTS: ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND INCREASING EUROPEAN ACTIVITY The Islamic Revolution in the Western Sudan Dominance of the Tuareg and Amazigh The First Fulani Jihad The Jihad of Usman Dan Fodio The Jihad of ‘Umar Tal The Guinea Coastlands and the Europeans The Abolition of Slavery The British Presence in Sierra Leone The British in the Niger Delta The Fall of the African Kingdoms CHAPTER 4: COLONIAL ERA Colonization Effect of Local Conditions French Areas of Interest British Areas of Interest Royal Niger Company Claims of Territorial Boundaries Problems of Military Control Initial Difficulty of European Administration Colonial Rule French Territories British Territories Decolonization and the Regaining of Independence The Emergence of African Leaders The Formation of African Independence Movements CHAPTER 5: BENIN Early History The Slave Trade The Kingdom of Dahomey The French Conquest and Colonial Rule Decolonization and Independence CHAPTER 6: BURKINA FASO Early History European Exploration and Colonization Bobo Independence Lobi CHAPTER 7: CAMEROON Early History German Kamerun British Cameroons and French Cameroun Moving Toward Independence Ahidjo Presidency
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