The history of Turkey PDF
Preview The history of Turkey
THE HISTORY OF TURKEY ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF TURKEY Second Edition Douglas A. Howard The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Copyright © 2016 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Howard, Douglas A. (Douglas Arthur), 1958– author. Title: The history of Turkey / Douglas A. Howard. Description: Second edition. | Santa Barbara, California : Greenwood, 2016. | Series: The Greenwood histories of the modern nations | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015049611| ISBN 9781440834660 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781440834677 (EISBN) Subjects: LCSH: Turkey—History. Classification: LCC DR441.H69 2016 | DDC 956.1—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049611 ISBN: 978-1-4408-3466-0 EISBN: 978-1-4408-3467-7 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America For my sisters, Catherine, Susan, and Lisa This page intentionally left blank Contents Series Foreword by Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Timeline of Historical Events xix Turkish Spelling and Pronunciation Guide xxv 1 Turkey Today 1 2 Ancient Anatolia 23 3 The Turkish Conquest of Anatolia, 1071–1517 33 4 Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire, 1517–1789 45 5 The Late Ottoman Empire, 1789–1908 59 6 Revolution and War, 1908–1923 75 7 The Early Turkish Republic, 1923–1945 93 viii Contents 8 Multiparty Democracy, 1945–1960 117 9 Military Intervention and the Second Republic, 1960–1980 135 10 The Military Republic, 1980–1993 159 11 Corruption and Disaster, 1993–2002 175 12 Justice and Development, 2002–2012 187 13 Gezi Park: Turkey Since 2012 201 Notable People in the History of Turkey 219 Glossary 235 Bibliographic Essay 245 Index 255 Series Foreword The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations series is intended to provide students and interested laypeople with up-to-date, concise, and analytical histories of many of the nations of the contemporary world. Not since the 1960s has there been a systematic attempt to pub- lish a series of national histories, and as series editors, we believe that this series will prove to be a valuable contribution to our understand- ing of other countries in our increasingly interdependent world. At the end of the 1960s, the Cold War was an accepted reality of global politics. The process of decolonization was still in progress, the idea of a unified Europe with a single currency was unheard of, the United States was mired in a war in Vietnam, and the economic boom in Asia was still years in the future. Richard Nixon was president of the United States, Mao Tse-tung (not yet Mao Zedong) ruled China, Leonid Brezhnev guided the Soviet Union, and Harold Wilson was prime minister of the United Kingdom. Authoritarian dictators still controlled most of Latin America, the Middle East was reeling in the wake of the Six-Day War, and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was at the height of his power in Iran. Since then, the Cold War has ended, the Soviet Union has vanished, leaving 15 independent republics in its wake, the advent of the com- puter age has radically transformed global communications, the rising
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