The History of the Argeads : New Perspectives. With the collaboration of Sarina Pal. PDF
Preview The History of the Argeads : New Perspectives. With the collaboration of Sarina Pal.
9 1 O CLeO e L Classica et Orientalia 19 C The Macedonian Argead Empire had an interesting and fascinating history al- ready before its rise under its most famous rulers Philip II and his son Alexander III. Furthermore, the history of their predecessors provides a context for under- s d standing their activities. This volume, based on a conference on Argead Mace- a donia, offers an account of the place of Argead Macedonia in the wider ancient e g world from the sixth century BC to the second century AD and beyond. Argead Ar Macedonia is explored in the context of its regal, structural, historical, courtly e and military traditions. Its alliances and enmities, its political networks and en- h t vironment are scrutinized – particularly in regard to Persia, but also to Greece. f o In order to look at Argead Macedonia from a wider angle, going beyond ancient y literary topoi and views on Macedonia in isolation, the authors analyze in which r o ways the Argead monarchy was integrated into the wider Eastern Mediterranean t s i and Near Eastern world, influenced by it and having an impact upon it. H The volume is divided into four sections. Different aspects such as Macedonia’s e h relationship with Achaemenid Persia, political and military matters, Argead T coinage, dynastic profile and reception of the Argeads are examined. Sabine Müller, Tim Howe, Hugh Bowden and Robert Rollinger (Eds.) with the collaboration of Sarina Pal The History of the Argeads New Perspectives z t i w o s s a r r a H Harrassowitz www.harrassowitz-verlag.de 201189-OHV-Mueller-Cleo19.indd 1 07.09.17 16:15 © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 Classica et Orientalia Herausgegeben von Reinhold Bichler, Bruno Jacobs, Giovanni B. Lanfranchi, Robert Rollinger, Kai Ruffing und Josef Wiesehöfer Band 19 2017 . Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 The History of the Argeads New Perspectives Edited by Sabine Müller, Tim Howe, Hugh Bowden and Robert Rollinger with the collaboration of Sarina Pal 2017 . Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 Cover:KarlTheodorvonPiloty(1826–1886),TheDeathofAlexandertheGreat, unfinished(perhaps1885).BayerischeStaatsgemäldesammlungen–NeuePinakothek München,Inv.-no.:13049.©bpk|BayerischeStaatsgemäldesammlungen. 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KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................1 I PersiaandItsImpact:ComparativeApproaches JeffreyD.Lerner Persia,Thrake,andSkudra ..........................................................................................7 JeremyLaBuff TheAchaemenidCreationofKaria .............................................................................27 ChristophMichels ThePersianImpactonBithynia,Commagene,Pontus,andCappadocia ....................41 JosefWiesehöfer ThePersianImpactonMacedonia.ThreeCaseStudies ..............................................57 II Political,Military,Numismatic andEconomicAspectsofArgeadMacedonia WaldemarHeckel GeographyandPoliticsinArgeadMakedonia ............................................................67 JohannesHeinrichs CoinsandConstructions.TheOriginsofArgeadCoinageunderAlexanderI............79 TimothyHowe PlainTalesfromtheHills:IllyrianInfluencesonArgeadMilitaryDevelopment.......99 VictorAlonsoTroncoso&MauricioÁlvarezRico Alexander’sTentsandCampLife ...............................................................................113 KaiRuffing TheMacedonianEconomyundertheArgeads ............................................................125 IIITheArgeadDynasticProfileandItsRepresentation ElizabethCarney ArgeadMarriagePolicy ..............................................................................................139 OlgaPalagia TheArgeads:ArchaeologicalEvidence ......................................................................151 © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 VI Contents HughBowden TheArgeadsandtheGreekSanctuaries ......................................................................163 SabineMüller TheSymbolicCapitaloftheArgeads ..........................................................................183 EliasKoulakiotis TheHellenicImpactonAncientMacedonia:ConceptualizingOriginandAuthority ....199 FrancesPownall TheRoleofGreekLiteratureattheArgeadCourt.......................................................215 IV LiteraryImagesandReceptionoftheArgeads JosephRoisman MacedonianBodyLanguageintheAtticOrators........................................................233 GiuseppeSquillace GhostsfromthePast.TheMemoryofAlexanderIofMacedonia anditsPropagandisticUseDuringtheReignofPhilipII ............................................241 ReinholdBichler PhilipIIandtheScythiansintheLightofAlexanderHistoriography .........................253 FrancaLanducci CassanderandtheArgeads ..........................................................................................269 SulochanaR.Asirvatham TheArgeadsandtheSecondSophistic ........................................................................281 RichardStoneman ConcludingRemarks....................................................................................................297 IndexofPersonalNames .............................................................................................301 © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 Introduction While Philip II and Alexander III have always been in the public eye and the focus of scholarly debate, being iconic figures in the collective memory from ancient times to the present, their predecessors have received less attention. Thus, the Argead dynasty is pre- dominantlyassociatedwith Philip IIandAlexanderIII.However,despitethe changes they triggered through their achievements, their reigns built on long-standing traditions of a royalhousethatclaimeditsorigininthemiddleofthe7thcentury.Therefore,thedevelop- ment of the Argead Empire was a phenomenon that deserves to be viewed as a whole in order to identify continuous traditions, innovations, changes, and characteristics. Recently, the Persian influence on the early Argead Empire has received particular scholarly atten- tion. Accordingly, Argead Macedonia’s relationship with the Achaemenid Empire, the Persian impact and influence on Macedonia, its court, political structures and royal repre- sentationaswellasthemeaningandroleofMacedoniainPersianstructuresformedoneof the main themes discussed atthe conference on new perspectiveson thehistoryof the Ar- geadsinJune2015atInnsbruckUniversity. Theconferenceofferedaplatformfordebatingnewapproachesto,newperspectiveson and new views of Argead Macedonia, exploring it in the context of its regal, structural, historical, courtly and military traditions, its alliances and enmities, and its political net- works and environment—particularly in regard to Persia, but also to Greece. In order to look at Argead Macedonia from a wider angle, going beyond ancient literary topoi and views on Macedonia in isolation, the conference papers included comparative studies of Macedonia and other empires, contributions to the cultural, political, historical, structural, economic and numismatic history of the Argeads, as well as papers on the reception of ArgeadMacedoniaanditsroyalprotagonistsinthetimeoftheSuccessorsandtheliterature oftheSecondSophistic. While this volume could not unite all of the papers given at Innsbruck, the concluding remarksbyRichardStonemansumminguptheresultsoftheconferencereflectitsoutcome, thusgivinganimpressionoftheeventasawhole.Thevolumecontainsthemajorityofthe papers given and is completed by three additional contributions by Waldemar Heckel, GiuseppeSquillaceandJeremyLaBuffroundingoffthesections. Thevolumeisdividedintofoursectionsstartingwithaclusteroffourarticlesoncompara- tive studies of the impact of the Achaemenid Empire on selected regions under its influ- ence. Discussing the Persian impact on Thrace, Jeffrey Lerner analyzes the different Old Persian terms for Thrace and Thracians in the Achaemenid royal inscriptions pointing out that they could indicate various dimensions of dependency on Persia. Jeremy LaBuff ana- lyzestheAchaemenidimpactonthepoliticalstructuresofthesatrapyofCariaanditssatra- pal dynasty. Christoph Michels examines the Persian Impact on Bithynia, Commagene, Pontus,andCappadocia,particularlyfocusingonthePersianinfluencebecomingvisiblein art. The section closes with Josef Wiesehöfer’s study on the Persian impact of Macedonia © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 2 Introduction where he specifically focuses on both the Macedonian acceptance of Persian suzerainty underDariusIandthedebatedquestionoftheoriginandmeaningofthediadem. The second section assembles studies on political, military, numismatic and economic aspects of Argead history. Waldemar Heckel explores the interdependence of geography andpoliticsinArgead Macedonia,focusingonthedescentandconnectionsofmembersof the Macedonian leading circles to Upper and Lower Macedonia. Johannes Heinrichs ana- lyzesthebackgroundofArgeadcoinageunderAlexanderIandsourcesofinspirationforits iconography, pointing out the value of the numismatic evidence for the reconstruction of the history of the Persian-Macedonian relationship. Focusing on Illyria, the Argead king- dom’s most dangerous neighbor, Timothy Howe explores how wars against the Illyrians forgedamilitarytraditionandpracticethatallowedtheArgeadkingstodominate anybat- tlefield.AmatterofroyalrepresentationinthemilitarycampisdiscussedbyVictorAlonso Troncoso and Rico Mauricio Álvarez, who examine the Argead rulers’ tent as a new plat- form for self-fashioning, comparing Alexander III’s tent to examples from early modern times. Kai Ruffing deals with economic aspects of Argead history, looking particularly at thetradeinMacedoniantimber. Section three consists of six articles concerned with aspects of Argead dynastic repre- sentation. Studying Argead marriage policy, Elizabeth Carney points to the importance of publiccelebrationssuchasmarriagesorchildbirthsasameanstopresentthedynastytothe populationandwinitssympathyandacceptance.OlgaPalagiaoffersacriticalsurveyofthe archaeological evidence for the Argeads, correcting popular legends about the tombs in Vergina and Amphipolis and explaining the function and main characteristics of Mace- donian painting, sculpture, and architecture. Examining the Argeads’ relationship to Greek sanctuaries, Hugh Bowden explores their importance as places of communication with Greek cities and individuals, demonstrating the variety of ways in which religious sites allowed the rulers to interact with their neighbours. Sabine Müller analyzes the main ele- mentsoftheArgeaddynasticprofileasrevealedinthefoundationmythreportedbyHerod- otus,theiconographyofcoinimages,andtheirsuccessionpolicyincomparisontothoseof the Achaemenids during the time of Darius I and Xerxes. Elias Koulakiotis explores the Hellenic impact on Argead Macedonia by scrutinizing the meaning of Greek deities and heroes, particularly Heracles, for the dynasty. Frances Pownall offers a survey of Greek artists, writers, and thinkers patronized by Argeads in service of their own cultural and intellectualagenda. ThelastsectiontracestheliteraryimagesandreceptionoftheArgeadsincontemporary sources and later periods. By analyzing Macedonian body language in the Attic orators, JosephRoisman demonstratesthe ways thata‘good’ or ‘bad’ruler wasportrayed interms ofphysicalfeatures.GiuseppeSquillaceshowshowPhilipIIusedAlexanderI’smemoryas an ‘invented tradition’ to further his own propaganda. Reinhold Bichler argues that the tradition about Philip II and his Scythian campaign ultimately originated from Theopom- pus’history, and consequentlywas intendedto portraytheruler in anegativelight.Franca Landucci explains the background of Cassander’s ambiguous attitude towards the Argead legacy, oscillating between distance and adaptation, and points at the one-dimensional character of the evidence on him. Looking at the Argeads in the literature of the Second Sophistic,SulochanaAsirvathamexplainswhythefocuswasonPhilipIIandAlexanderIII whiletheotherArgeadswerescarcelymentionedatall. © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5 Introduction 3 Together these chapters offer an account of the place of Argead Macedonia in the wider world,fromthesixthcenturyBCtothesecondcenturyADandbeyond.Itwasamonarchy that was integrated into the wider Eastern Mediterranean and Near Eastern world, influ- encedbyitandhavinganimpactuponit.Aswellaspresentingimportantnewideasabout the earlier historyof Macedonia, this volume seeks to anew contextfor understanding the activitiesofPhilipIIandAlexanderIII.1 1 EditorialNote:ThecontributorshadthefreedomofchoicebetweenthelatinizedformofGreeknames andtheGreekform.Therefore,theformsvary.Intheindex,thelatinizedformisused. © 2017, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 978-3-447-10851-5 — ISBN E-Book: 978-3-447-19689-5
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