The History of Ethiopia PDF
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The History of Ethiopia Saheed A. Adejumobi Greenwood Press THE HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA Saheed A. Adejumobi The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adejumobi, Saheed A. The history of Ethiopia / Saheed A. Adejumobi. p. cm.—(The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096–2905) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32273–2 (alk. paper) 1. Ethiopia—History. 2. Ethiopia—Politics and government. I. Title. DT381.A45 2007 963—dc22 2006027877 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright 䉷 2007 by Saheed A. Adejumobi All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006027877 ISBN: 0–313–32273–2 ISSN: 1096–2905 First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Central cover image: Ethiopian Orthodox Christians wear ceremonial clothing during the Timkat Festival. Behind them is the 12th century rock-hewn Beta Giorgis Church. Lalibela, Ethiopia, ca. January 2000. 䉷 Earl & Nazima Kowall/CORBIS Dedicated in affectionate greeting to my father, Kazeem Adegbenro Adejumobi, who lately transcended and joined the ancestors. Omo Sobaloju, sun re o Contents Series Foreword ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi Timeline of Ethiopian History xv 1 Ethiopia: Intellectual and Cultural Background 1 2 Globalization and Modernization to Late Nineteenth Century 21 3 “Afromodern” Aspirations: Political Expansion and Social Reform in Local and Global Contexts, 1884–1935 37 4 World War II and Aftermath: Reconstruction and Other Contradictions, 1935–1960 67 5 Conservatives and Liberal Reforms, 1960–1974 97 6 “Afro-Marxism”: Engaging Local and Global Orthodoxies and the Price of Revolution, 1974–1991 119 viii Contents 7 Globalization and Other Postmodern Configurations: Ethiopia at Home and Abroad Since 1991 131 Notable People in the History of Ethiopia 163 Selected Bibliography 191 Index 199 Series Foreword The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations series is intended to provide stu- dents and interested laypeople with up-to-date, concise, and analytical histo- ries of many of the nations of the contemporary world. Not since the 1960s has there been a systematic attempt to publish a series of national histories, and, as editors, we believe that this series will prove to be a valuable contribution to our understanding of other countries in our increasingly interdependent world. Over thirty years ago, at the end of the 1960s, the Cold War was an accepted reality of global politics, the process of decolonization was still in progress, the idea of a unified Europe with a single currency was unheard of, the United States was mired in a war in Vietnam, and the economic boom of Asia was still years in the future. Richard Nixon was president of the United States, Mao Tse-tung (not yet Mao Zedong) ruled China, Leonid Brezhnev guided the So- viet Union, and Harold Wilson was prime minister of the United Kingdom. Authoritarian dictators still ruled most of Latin America, the Middle East was reeling in the wake of the Six-Day War, and Shah Reza Pahlavi was at the height of his power in Iran. Clearly, the past 30 years have been witness to a great deal of historical change, and it is to this change that this series is pri- marily addressed. With the help of a distinguished advisory board, we have selected nations whose political, economic, and social affairs mark them as among the most
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