The History of Ethiopia PDF
Preview The History of Ethiopia
The History of Ethiopia Saheed A. Adejumobi Greenwood Press THE HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA Saheed A. Adejumobi TheGreenwoodHistoriesoftheModernNations FrankW.ThackerayandJohnE.Findling,SeriesEditors GreenwoodPress Westport,Connecticut(cid:127)London LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Adejumobi,SaheedA. ThehistoryofEthiopia/SaheedA.Adejumobi. p. cm.—(TheGreenwoodhistoriesofthemodernnations,ISSN1096–2905) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0–313–32273–2(alk.paper) 1. Ethiopia—History. 2. Ethiopia—Politicsandgovernment. I. Title. DT381.A452007 963—dc22 2006027877 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable. Copyright(cid:1)2007bySaheedA.Adejumobi Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2006027877 ISBN:0–313–32273–2 ISSN:1096–2905 Firstpublishedin2007 GreenwoodPress,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881 AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc. www.greenwood.com PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Centralcoverimage:EthiopianOrthodoxChristianswearceremonialclothing duringtheTimkatFestival.Behindthemisthe12thcenturyrock-hewnBetaGiorgis Church.Lalibela,Ethiopia,ca.January2000.(cid:1)Earl&NazimaKowall/CORBIS Dedicatedinaffectionategreetingtomyfather, KazeemAdegbenroAdejumobi, wholatelytranscendedandjoinedtheancestors. OmoSobaloju,sunreo Contents SeriesForeword ix PrefaceandAcknowledgments xi TimelineofEthiopianHistory xv 1 Ethiopia:IntellectualandCulturalBackground 1 2 GlobalizationandModernizationtoLateNineteenth Century 21 3 “Afromodern”Aspirations:PoliticalExpansionand SocialReforminLocalandGlobalContexts,1884–1935 37 4 WorldWarIIandAftermath:ReconstructionandOther Contradictions,1935–1960 67 5 ConservativesandLiberalReforms,1960–1974 97 6 “Afro-Marxism”:EngagingLocalandGlobal OrthodoxiesandthePriceofRevolution,1974–1991 119 viii Contents 7 GlobalizationandOtherPostmodernConfigurations: EthiopiaatHomeandAbroadSince1991 131 NotablePeopleintheHistoryofEthiopia 163 SelectedBibliography 191 Index 199 Series Foreword TheGreenwoodHistoriesoftheModernNationsseriesisintendedtoprovidestu- dentsandinterestedlaypeoplewithup-to-date,concise,andanalyticalhisto- riesofmanyofthenationsofthecontemporaryworld.Notsincethe1960shas therebeenasystematicattempttopublishaseriesofnationalhistories,and, aseditors,webelievethatthisserieswillprovetobeavaluablecontribution to our understanding of other countries in our increasingly interdependent world. Overthirtyyearsago,attheendofthe1960s,theColdWarwasanaccepted realityofglobalpolitics,theprocessofdecolonizationwasstillinprogress,the idea of a unified Europe with a single currency was unheard of, the United States was mired in a war in Vietnam, and the economic boom of Asia was stillyearsinthefuture.RichardNixonwaspresidentoftheUnitedStates,Mao Tse-tung(notyetMaoZedong)ruledChina,LeonidBrezhnevguidedtheSo- viet Union, and Harold Wilson was prime minister of the United Kingdom. AuthoritariandictatorsstillruledmostofLatinAmerica,theMiddleEastwas reeling in the wake of the Six-Day War, and Shah Reza Pahlavi was at the heightofhispowerinIran.Clearly,thepast30yearshavebeenwitnesstoa great deal of historical change, and it is tothis change thatthisseriesispri- marilyaddressed. Withthehelpofadistinguishedadvisoryboard,wehaveselectednations whose political, economic, and social affairs mark them as among the most
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