The history of Central and Eastern Africa PDF
Preview The history of Central and Eastern Africa
THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN AFRICA THE BRITANNICA GUIDE TO AFRICA THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN AFRICA EDITED BY AMY MCKENNA, SENIOR EDITOR, GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237–9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Amy McKenna, Senior Editor, Geography and History Rosen Educational Services Heather M. Moore Niver: Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Design Introduction by Sean Price Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The history of Central and Eastern Africa / edited by Amy McKenna. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (The Britannica guide to Africa) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61530396-0 (eBook) 1. Africa, Central—History. 2. Africa, Eastern—History. I. McKenna, Amy, 1969- DT351.H57 2011 967—dc22 2010024034 On the cover: A Tanzanian Maasai warrior. Many multiethnic Africans blend sundry traditions and customs that create a fertile cultural legacy. © www.istockphoto.com/Brian Raisbeck On pages 1, 24, 31, 39, 53, 59, 65, 72, 76, 105, 110, 119, 140, 154, 167, 181: Acacia trees heavily pepper eastern Africa’s savannas. Martin Harvey/Getty Images CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: CENTRAL AFRICA Early Society and Economy Early Toolmakers The Agricultural Revolution The Iron Age Bantu Languages Growth of Trade Central Africa and the Outer World Development of the Slave Trade Exploitation of Ivory Colonialism Establishment of European Colonies Congo Free State Economic Organization The End of the Colonial Period CHAPTER 2: BURUNDI Precolonial Burundi Burundi Under Colonial Rule The First and Second Republics The Third Republic Civil War The Path Toward Peace CHAPTER 3: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Early History The Colonial Era Independence The Struggle for Leadership Jean-Bédel Bokassa Authoritarian Rule Under Kolingba Patassé and the Quest for Democracy The 21st Century CHAPTER 4: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Precolonial Perspectives The Congo Free State Belgian Paternalism and the Politics of Decolonization Joseph Kasavubu The Congo Crisis Mobutu’s Regime The Democratic Republic of the Congo CHAPTER 5: REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Early History The Colonial Era Denis Sassou-Nguesso Congo Since Independence CHAPTER 6: GABON Early Colonization The Fang French Control Gabon Since Independence CHAPTER 7: RWANDA Pre-Colonial Rwanda Rwanda Under German and Belgian Control The Hutu and the Tutsi Independence and the 1960s The Habyarimana Era Genocide and Aftermath Regional Conflict Moving Forward CHAPTER 8: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Portuguese Colonial Rule After Independence CHAPTER 9: EASTERN AFRICA
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