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The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) PDF

243 Pages·2011·1.71 MB·English
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THE HISTORY OF BULGARIA ADVISORY BOARD JohnT.Alexander Professorof Historyand Russianand EuropeanStudies, UniversityofKansas RobertA.Divine George W.LittlefieldProfessor in AmericanHistoryEmeritus, UniversityofTexas at Austin JohnV.Lombardi Professorof History, UniversityofFlorida THE HISTORY OF BULGARIA Frederick B. Chary TheGreenwoodHistoriesoftheModernNations FrankW.ThackerayandJohnE.Findling,SeriesEditors Copyright2011byABC-CLIO,LLC Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recording,orotherwise,exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsina review,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Chary,FrederickB. ThehistoryofBulgaria/FrederickB.Chary. p.cm.—(TheGreenwoodhistoriesofthemodernnations) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–313–38446–2(hardcopy:alk.paper)—ISBN978–0–313–38447–9(ebook) 1. Bulgaria—History. I.Title. DR67.C46 2011 949.9—dc22 2010048660 ISBN:978–0–313–38446–2 EISBN:978–0–313–38447–9 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 ThisbookisalsoavailableontheWorldWideWebasaneBook. Visitwww.abc-clio.comfordetails. Greenwood AnImprintofABC-CLIO,LLC ABC-CLIO,LLC 130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911 SantaBarbara,California93116-1911 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica For Diane, David, Michael, and EllaRose Contents SeriesForeword ix Preface xiii TimelineofHistoricalEvents xv Introduction xix 1 TheFirstBulgarianEmpire(10,000BCE–1018) 1 2 TheSecondBulgarianEmpire(1018–1393) 15 3 BulgarianRevival(1393–1878) 23 4 ModernBulgariauntiltheBalkanWars(1878–1911) 35 5 WarsandthePeasantState(1911–1923) 47 6 TwoCoupsd’Etat(1923–1935) 67 7 RoyalDictatorshipandWorldWarII(1935–1944) 85 8 TheCommunistEra(1944–1953) 121 viii Contents 9 TheZhivkovYears(1953–1990) 137 10 Post–CommunistBulgaria(1990–2010) 159 NotablePeopleintheHistoryofBulgaria 177 Glossary 187 BibliographicEssay 193 Index 199 Series Foreword The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations series is intended to provide students and interested laypeople with up-to-date, concise, and analytical histories of many of the nations of the contemporary world. Not since the 1960s has there been a systematic attempt to publishaseriesofnationalhistories,andasseriesadvisors,webelieve that this series will prove to bea valuable contribution to our under- standingofothercountriesinourincreasinglyinterdependentworld. Some 40 years ago, at the end of the 1960s, the Cold War was an accepted reality of global politics.The process of decolonization was still in progress, the idea of a unified Europe with a single currency was unheard of, the United States was mired in a war in Vietnam, and the economic boom in Asia was still years in thefuture. Richard NixonwaspresidentoftheUnitedStates,MaoTse-tung(notyetMao Zedong)ruledChina,Leonid BrezhnevguidedtheSovietUnion,and Harold Wilson was prime ministerof the United Kingdom. Authori- tariandictatorsstillcontrolledmostofLatinAmerica,theMiddleEast was reeling in the wake of the Six-Day War, and Shah Mohammad RezaPahlaviwasattheheightofhispowerinIran. Sincethen,theColdWarhasended,theSovietUnionhasvanished, leaving 16 independent republics in its wake, the advent of the

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Now an Eastern European leader in the fields of science and technology, a nation with impressive renewable energy production capabilities and an extensive communication infrastructure, as well as a top exporter of minerals and metals, Bulgaria has grown both economically and politically over the pas
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