The History Book

354 Pages·2016·49.32 MB·English

THE
HISTORY
BOOK
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THE
HISTORY
BOOK
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THE
HISTORY
BOOK
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DK LONDON PRODUCER, PRE-PRODUCTION First American Edition, 2016 CONTRIBUTORS

Robert Dunn Published in the United States by
DK Publishing
PROJECT EDITORS SENIOR PRODUCER 345 Hudson Street,
Alexandra Beeden, Sam Kennedy Mandy Inness New York, New York 10014
REG GRANT, CONSULTANT EDITOR PHILIP PARKER
SENIOR EDITOR ILLUSTRATIONS Copyright © 2016
Victoria Heyworth-Dunne James Graham, Vanessa Hamilton R. G. Grant has written extensively in the fields of military Philip Parker is a historian specializing in the classical
Dorling Kindersley Limited
US EDITOR DK, a Division of Penguin Random House history, general history, current affairs, and biography. and medieval world. He is the author of the DK Companion
Christy Lusiak DK DELHI LLC His publications have included the DK books Flight: Guide to World History, The Empire Stops Here: A Journey
100 Years of Aviation, Battle at Sea, and World War I: Around the Frontiers of the Roman Empire, The Northmen’s
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Kate Taylor PICTURE RESEARCHERS 001–283973–July/2016 The Definitive Visual Guide. Fury: A History of the Viking World, and general editor
Aditya Katyla, Deepak Negi of The Great Trade Routes: A History of Cargoes and
PROKJaEtCieT C AaRvaTn EaDghITOR PICTURE RESEARCH MANAGER All rights reserved. FIONA COWARD Commerce Over Land and Sea. He was a contributor to DK
Taiyaba Khatoon Without limiting the rights under the History Year by Year and DK History of the World in 1000
copyright reserved above, no part of this
VanDeEssSaI GHNamERil ton JADChKirEeTn dDrEa SSIiGngNhER pourb ilinctarotidounc meda yin btoe are rpertordieuvcael ds,y ssttoermed, o irn , DArn. tFhiroonpao lCoogwy aartd B iosu Srnenemioro uLtehc tUunreivre irns iAtyr,c UhaKe. oHloegr yre asneda rch Oofb hjeiscttosr. iHcael partelavsieous.sly worked as a diplomat and a publisher
DESIGN ASSISTANT transmitted, in any form, or by any means focuses on the changes in human society, from the very
Renata Latipova SENIOR DTP DESIGNER (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, small social groups of our prehistory to the global social SALLY REGAN
Harish Aggarwal recording, or otherwise), without the prior
networks that characterize people’s lives today.
MANAGING ART EDITOR written permission of the copyright owner.
Lee Griffiths MANAGING JACKETS EDITOR Sally Regan has contributed to over a dozen DK titles
Saloni Singh Published in Great Britain by Dorling THOMAS CUSSANS including History, World War II, and Science. She is also
MANAGING EDITOR Kindersley Limited. an award-winning documentary maker for Channel Four
Gareth Jones Coproduced with and the BBC in the UK.
A catalog record for this book is available Thomas Cussans, writer and historian, has contributed
ART DIRECTOR SANDS PUBLISHING from the Library of Congress. to numerous historical works. They include DK’s Timelines
Karen Self SOLUTIONS of World History, History Year by Year, and History: The PHILIP WILKINSON
ISBN 978-1-4654-4510-0
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Ultimate Visual Guide. He was previously the publisher
Liz Wheeler 4 JENNER WAY, ECCLES, AYLESFORD, DK books are available at special discounts of The Times History of the World and The Times Atlas Philip Wilkinson has written many books on historical
KENT ME20 7SQ
when purchased in bulk for sales of European History. His most recent published work subjects, heritage, architectural history, and the arts. As
PUBJLoInSaHtIhNaGn MDIeRtcEaClfTOR DaviEd DaInTdO SRyIlAviLa PTAomRTbeNsEi-RWSa lton epdruocmatoitoinonals ,u psere. mFoiur mdest,a fiulsn,d croanistiancgt:, DorK i s The Holocaust. wanedll wasid beelys-tpseralliesresd s tuictlhe sa ss uWchh aats T Thhee R Sohmocakn so fD tihde F Oorld U s
Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson
JANCaKtEaTlie D GEoSdIGwNinER DESIGN PARTNER Street,S Npeecwia YlSoarkle, sN@edwk .Ycoormk 10014 JOEL LEVY aenncdy Gclroepaat eBduiailds ianngds ,p hoep hualasr creofnetrreibnucete bdo took ns.umerous
Simon Murrell
JACKET EDITOR Printed and bound in Hong Kong Joel Levy is a writer specializing in history and the history
Claire Gell of science. He is the author of more than 20 books, including
Lost Cities, History’s Greatest Discoveries, and 50 Weapons
JACKET DESIGN DEVELOPMENT A WORLD OF IDEAS: that Changed the World.
MANAGER original styling by SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
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www.dk.com
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CONTRIBUTORS
REG GRANT, CONSULTANT EDITOR PHILIP PARKER
R. G. Grant has written extensively in the fields of military Philip Parker is a historian specializing in the classical
history, general history, current affairs, and biography. and medieval world. He is the author of the DK Companion
His publications have included the DK books Flight: Guide to World History, The Empire Stops Here: A Journey
100 Years of Aviation, Battle at Sea, and World War I: Around the Frontiers of the Roman Empire, The Northmen’s
The Definitive Visual Guide. Fury: A History of the Viking World, and general editor
of The Great Trade Routes: A History of Cargoes and
FIONA COWARD Commerce Over Land and Sea. He was a contributor to DK
History Year by Year and DK History of the World in 1000
Dr. Fiona Coward is Senior Lecturer in Archaeology and Objects. He previously worked as a diplomat and a publisher
Anthropology at Bournemouth University, UK. Her research of historical atlases.

focuses on the changes in human society, from the very
small social groups of our prehistory to the global social SALLY REGAN
networks that characterize people’s lives today.
Sally Regan has contributed to over a dozen DK titles
THOMAS CUSSANS including History, World War II, and Science. She is also
an award-winning documentary maker for Channel Four
and the BBC in the UK.
Thomas Cussans, writer and historian, has contributed
to numerous historical works. They include DK’s Timelines
of World History, History Year by Year, and History: The PHILIP WILKINSON
Ultimate Visual Guide. He was previously the publisher
of The Times History of the World and The Times Atlas Philip Wilkinson has written many books on historical
of European History. His most recent published work subjects, heritage, architectural history, and the arts. As
is The Holocaust. well as bestsellers such as What The Romans Did For Us
and widely-praised titles such as The Shock of the Old
JOEL LEVY and Great Buildings, he has contributed to numerous
encyclopaedias and popular reference books.
Joel Levy is a writer specializing in history and the history
of science. He is the author of more than 20 books, including
Lost Cities, History’s Greatest Discoveries, and 50 Weapons
that Changed the World.
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6 7
CONTENTS
112 Give the sun the blood 156 War has become
of enemies to drink very different
The foundation of Tenochtitlan The Battle of Castillon
118 Scarce the tenth person 158 As different from ours
of any sort was left alive as day and night
10 INTRODUCTION 40 Attachment is the 66 By this sign conquer The outbreak of the Black The Columbian Exchange
root of suffering The Battle of Milvian Bridge
Death in Europe
Siddartha Gautama
160 My conscience
HUMAN ORIGINS preaches Buddhism 68 The city which had 120 I have worked to discharge is captive to the
taken the whole world
heaven’s will Word of God
200,000 –3500 42 A clue to the existence was itself taken
YEARS AGO BCE Hongwu founds the Martin Luther’s 95 theses
of a system of picture- The Sack of Rome
Ming dynasty
writing in the Greek lands
164 He began war in Bohemia,
20 At least as important as The palace at Knossos 70 Further events 128 Cast down the which he subjugated and
Columbus’s journey to
adversaries of forced into his religion
America or the Apollo 44 In times of peace, sons
my Christian people The Defenestration
11 expedition bury their fathers, but THE MEDIEVAL The fall of Granada of Prague
The first humans arrive in war it is the fathers
in Australia who bury their sons WORLD 98 A man destined to become
The Persian Wars master of the state 130 I have newly devised 170 Royalty is a remedy
22 Everything was so 500–1492 Minamoto Yoritomo 28 letters for the spirit of rebellion
beautiful, so fresh 46 Administration is in becomes Shogun King Sejong introduces The conquests of
a new script Akbar the Great
Cave paintings at Altamira the hands of the many
and not of the few 76 Seek to enlarge the 100 That men in our kingdom
Athenian democracy shall have and keep all 132 Further events 172 They cherished a great
empire and make it
28 The foundations of these liberties, rights, hope and inward zeal
today’s Europe were 52 There is nothing more glorious and concessions The voyage of
forged in the events impossible to he Belisarius retakes Rome The signing of the THE EARLY the Mayflower
of the late Ice Age who will try Magna Carta
The Big Freeze The conquests of Alexander 78 Truth has come and MODERN ERA 174 We will cut off his head
the Great falsehood has vanished 102 The most potent man, with the crown upon it
30 A great civilization arose Muhammad receives the as regards forces and 1420–1795 The execution of Charles I
on the Anatolian plain 54 If the Qin should ever get divine revelation lands and treasure, that
The settlement at Çatalhöyük his way with the world, exists in the world 176 The very being of the
then the whole world 82 A leader in whose Kublai Khan conquers 138 As my city falls, I shall plantations depends
32 Further events will end up his prisoner shadow the Christian the Song fall with it upon the supply of
The First Emperor unifies China nation is at peace The fall of Constantinople Negro servants
The crowning of Charlemagne 104 I did not tell half of The formation of the Royal
ANCIENT 58 Thus perish all tyrants what I saw, for I knew 142 Following the light African Company
The assassination of 84 The ruler is wealthy but I would not be believed of the sun we left
CIVILIZATIONS Julius Caesar the state is destroyed Marco Polo reaches Shangdu the Old World 180 There is no corner where
The An Lushan revolt Christopher Columbus one does not of talk shares
6000 –500 106 Those who until now reaches America The opening of the
BCE CE
86 A surge in spirit and an have been mercenaries Amsterdam Stock Exchange
awakening in intelligence for a few coins achieve 148 This line shall be
36 To bring about the rule The founding of Baghdad eternal rewards considered as a 184 After victory,
of righteousness The fall of Jerusalem perpetual mark tighten the cords
in the land 94 Never before has such a and bound of your helmet
The Law Code of Hammurabi terror appeared in Britain 108 The work of giants The Treaty of Tordesillas The Battle of Sekigahara
The Viking raid on Lindisfarne The construction of Angkor Wat
38 All the lands have fallen 152 The ancients never raised 186 Use barbarians to
prostrate beneath his 96 The Roman church 110 He left no court emir nor their buildings so high control barbarians
sandals for eternity has never erred royal office holder without The beginning of the The Revolt of the
The temples of Abu Simbel The Investiture Controversy the gift of a load of gold Italian Renaissance Three Feudatories
Mansa Musa’s hajj to Mecca
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7
112 Give the sun the blood 156 War has become
of enemies to drink very different
The foundation of Tenochtitlan The Battle of Castillon
118 Scarce the tenth person 158 As different from ours
of any sort was left alive as day and night
The outbreak of the Black The Columbian Exchange
Death in Europe
160 My conscience
120 I have worked to discharge is captive to the
heaven’s will Word of God
Hongwu founds the Martin Luther’s 95 theses
Ming dynasty
164 He began war in Bohemia,
128 Cast down the which he subjugated and
adversaries of forced into his religion
my Christian people The Defenestration
The fall of Granada of Prague
98 A man destined to become
master of the state 130 I have newly devised 170 Royalty is a remedy
Minamoto Yoritomo 28 letters for the spirit of rebellion
becomes Shogun King Sejong introduces The conquests of
a new script Akbar the Great
100 That men in our kingdom
shall have and keep all 132 Further events 172 They cherished a great
these liberties, rights, hope and inward zeal
and concessions The voyage of
The signing of the THE EARLY the Mayflower
Magna Carta
MODERN ERA 174 We will cut off his head
102 The most potent man, with the crown upon it
as regards forces and 1420–1795 The execution of Charles I
lands and treasure, that
exists in the world 176 The very being of the
Kublai Khan conquers 138 As my city falls, I shall plantations depends
the Song fall with it upon the supply of
The fall of Constantinople Negro servants
104 I did not tell half of The formation of the Royal
what I saw, for I knew 142 Following the light African Company
I would not be believed of the sun we left
Marco Polo reaches Shangdu the Old World 180 There is no corner where
Christopher Columbus one does not of talk shares
106 Those who until now reaches America The opening of the
have been mercenaries Amsterdam Stock Exchange
for a few coins achieve 148 This line shall be
eternal rewards considered as a 184 After victory,
The fall of Jerusalem perpetual mark tighten the cords
and bound of your helmet
108 The work of giants The Treaty of Tordesillas The Battle of Sekigahara
The construction of Angkor Wat
152 The ancients never raised 186 Use barbarians to
110 He left no court emir nor their buildings so high control barbarians
royal office holder without The beginning of the The Revolt of the
the gift of a load of gold Italian Renaissance Three Feudatories
Mansa Musa’s hajj to Mecca
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8 9
188 I have in this treatise 243 Better to abolish serfdom 302 The name of our 318 We shall defend it with
cultivated mathematics so from above, than to wait THE MODERN state shall be Israel our blood and strength,
far as it regards philosophy for it to abolish itself The establishment of Israel and we shall meet
Newton publishes Principia from below WORLD aggression with
Russia emancipates the serfs 304 The Long March is a aggression and evil
189 As far as I think it 1914–PRESENT manifesto, a propaganda with evil
possible for man to go 244 Government of the people, force, a seeding-machine The Suez Crisis
The voyages of Captain Cook by the people, for the The Long March
people, shall not perish 270 You often wish you 322 The Iron Curtain
190 I am the state fTrhoem G tehttey sebaurrtgh A ddress wTheer eB adtetlaed o f Passchendaele 306 Gcohuanntary, ,y iosu frr ebee lfoovreedv e r iTsh sew faellp otf athseid Bee rlin Wall
Louis XIV begins personal
Nkrumah wins
rule of France 276 History will not forgive Ghanaian independence 324 All power to the people
248 Our manifest destiny us if we do not assume The 1968 protests
191 Don’t forget your power now
is to overspread 308 We’re eyeball to eyeball,
great guns, the most The October Revolution
the continent and I think the other 325 Never, never, and
respectable arguments
oTfh eth Bea trtileg hoft sQ ouef bkeicngs 216 LAemt eursi claayn tfhreee cdoormne wrsittohnoeu to f The California Gold Rush 280 TThhiiss iiss nanot a premaicset.i c e fTehlelo Cwu bjuasnt M blisinsiklee Cd risis nTheev ererl eaagsaei onf Nelson Mandela
fear. To hesitate is to perish 250 America is God’s
for 20 years
Bolívar establishes crucible, the greatest 310 People of the whole 326 Create an unbearable
192 Assemble all the Gran Colombia melting pot The Treaty of Versailles world are pointing situation of total
knowledge scattered on
The opening of Ellis Island to the satellite insecurity with no hope
the surface of the earth 281 Death is the solution to The launch of Sputnik of further survival or life
Dthied eErnotc ypculbopliéshdeies 2 20 LStiefep hweintshoonu’st Rinodcukestt r y is guilt 252 Enrich the country, anlol pprroobblleemm s. No man— The Siege of Sarajevo
enters service strengthen the military Stalin assumes power 311 I have a dream
The Meiji Restoration The March on Washington 327 Today, our fellow citizens,
196 I built St. Petersburg our way of life, our very
atThshe ea lf owiguihnndtd ionofgw Eo uft oSrot l.p ePtee tienr s burg 226 Yoatgohauei nrm wsaayay yc ,yh boouuot s dyeio dtuo n clooaton kk nn teohvwee r 254 Iunn imveyr hsea nadn dI wthiee lpdo twheer 282 Aionfn ttyhh eela Uecckno iontefo dcm oSnitcfia ftdueetsnu cree 312 It oa lmos neo Vt igeotninagm fTrheee 9d/o1m1 a cttaamckes under attack
The Slave Trade Abolition Act tToh ea tSteaccokn da nOdp ikuimll War is foolish The Gulf of Tonkin Incident 328 You affect the world by
198 Further events The Wall Street Crash 314 A revolution is not a what you browse
228 STohec i1e8t4y8 w reavso lcuutito nins two 256 I ought to be jealous of the 284 The truth is that men bed of roses The launch of the first website
Eiffel Tower. She is more The Bay of Pigs invasion
CHANGING famous than I am are tired of liberty 330 A crisis that began in
230 This enterprise will The opening of the The Reichstag Fire 316 Scatter the old world, the mortgage markets
SOCIETIES return immense rewards Eiffel Tower build the new of America has brought
The construction of the 286 In starting and waging The Cultural Revolution the world’s financial
1776–1914 Suez Canal a war, it is not right that system close to collapse
258 If I could, I would annex matters but victory The global financial crisis
236 Endless forms most other planets Nazi invasion of Poland
204 We hold these truths to beautiful and most The Berlin Conference 334 This is a day about our
be self-evident, that all wonderful have been 294 The Final Solution of entire human family
men are created equal and are being evolved 260 My people are going to the Jewish Question Global population
The signing of the Darwin publishes On the learn the principles of The Wannsee Conference exceeds 7 billion
Origin of Species democracy, the dictates
Declaration of Independence
of truth, and the 296 All we did was fly 340 Futher events
238 Let us arm. Let us fight teachings of science and sleep
208 Sire, it’s a revolution for our brothers The Young Turk Revolution The Berlin Airlift
The storming of the Bastille 342 GLOSSARY
The Expedition of the
Thousand 262 Deeds not words 298 At the stroke of the
214 I must make of all The death of Emily Davison midnight hour, when the 344 INDEX
the peoples of Europe 242 These sad scenes of death world sleeps, India will
one people, and of Paris and sorrow, when are 264 Further events awake to life and freedom 351 QUOTE ATTRIBUTIONS
the capital of the world they to come to an end? Indian independence
The Battle of Waterloo The Siege of Lucknow and partition 352 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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