The High School English Grammar: Based on Whitney's Essentials of English Grammar

1887·20.9 MB·English

by  Seath, John, 1844-1919

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THE
HIGH SCHOOL
English Grammar
BASED ON
Whitney's Essentials of English Grammar
BY
JOHN SEATH, B.A,
InspectorofHighSchoolsforOntario.
TORONTO
CANADA PUBLISHING COMPANY
(LIMITED.)
EnteredaccordingtoActofParliament,intheofficeofth»MinisterofAgriculture,
inthevear1887cbytheCanadaPublishingComfanv(Limited).
LIBRARY OF THF UNIVERSITY
if ALBERTA
—
PREFACE.
Ess(eA1ns)tiaislsstofatEendgloinshthGertaimtmlea-rpa,get,hethtiesxtgrbaomokmanrowisibnausseedionnthWehiNtonremya’ls
Schools of Ontario but the Essentials has been remodelled and
expandedtosuitthe;requirementsof HighSchoolpupils.
The—chieffeaturesof theworkareasfollows:
Ithasbeenconstructedinaccordancewiththeview,that“while
English Grammaris a sciencewhich iscapable of important practical
applications,it has adistinctvalue as a means of mental training, to
whichthepracticalapplicationsaresubordinateinaHighSchoolcoarse
of study.” Theolderandstillfavouredviewthat EnglishGrammaris
the science that teaches the correct useof English is untenable. It
unduly limits the domain of the subject by ign—oring the educational
importance of the reflective study of language the first and most
naturalfieldforwhichisone’smothertongue. Andfurther, itassumes
thatthemerestudyof theprinciplesof grammarimpartstheabilityto
spe(a2k)andtowritecorrectly. Thisability,however,comesfromfortunate
associationsandfrombeinghabituatedtotherightuseofwordsbycon-
stant andcarefuldrill. “The application of direct authority is the
most efficient corrective. Grammar has its part to contribute, but
rat(h3e)r in the higherthanthe lowersteps of the work. One must be
a somewhat reflective userof languagetoamendapointevenhereand
there bygrammatical reasons and no maneverchanged frombeinga
bad speaker to being a goodo;ne byapplyingtherules of grammar to
what—hesaid.”
fro(m4)thiAsspoEinngtliosfhviiseawn.anTalhyetibcoaolkl,antghuearegfeo,reit,sdgirffaemrsmairnmisahneyrertersepaetcetds
frommostothertext-books,whicharemodelledonthegrammarsofthe
syn(t5h)etic languages. As far as possible, however, the terminologyin
commo—nusehas been retained.
Thebookisuponanhistoricalbasis. Onlyonthisbasiscanthe
structureof the language be intelligently explained. “Old English,”
as Mr. Skeat truly says, “is the right key to the understanding of
ModernEnglish,andthosewhowillnotusethiskeywillneveropenthe
lockwithalltheirfumbling.” But, asisproperinanelementarywork,
onlysuchreferences are made to earlier stages ofthe language asare
absolutely necessary for the proper explanation of modern forms and
constr—uctions.
treatmenPrtionfcitplheessaurbejeecsttagbelniesrhaeldly,byadtvhaenitnadguectiisvetamkeetnhoofdt;haenfdacitntthhaet
Englis—histhemothertongueofthosewhousethebook.
Except inchaptersII.-IV.,thereareno formallystateddefini-
tions,andeveninthesechapterswhatarecalleddefinitionsaredescrip-
tionsratherthandefinitionsof thetime-honoured butmind-benumbing
2023595
IV. PREFACE.
type(6.) As far as possible pupils should be trained to enunciate
gramm—atical principlesin their own language.
Whiledifficulties are explained where explanation is possible,
theuncertaintiesof grammatical constructions aredulyacknowledged.
Those readers who expect to find here everything fixed by rule,will
minege(t7)twhiethindviaslaupapbloeintlmesesnotns,;tbhauttthhuemyawnillspheaevcehanisopbpyortnuantiutryeofpllaesatricn,-
and that “the grammarian is simplya recorder and arranger of the
usagesof language, andinnodegreealawgiver; hardlyevenanarbiter
oracr—itic.”
The lists of Classical andOldEnglish root-words, andprefixes
and suffixes, whichconstitute a leadingfeatureof manygrammars, are
her(8e)omitted. Forthesetheproperplaceisanetymologicaldictionary,
andtheirmeaningsarebestandmost—easilylearnedwherethemeanings
of thewords themselves are learned in connection with thestudyof
Reading,Literature, andGrammar. ChapterIV.,whichtreatsofDeri-
vationandComposition, suppliesall thatisnecessaryfortheintelligent
study—of thisbranchof etymology.
(9) The exercises are chiefly of a reflective character, and, though
morecopiousthanthoseto befoundin mostothergrammars,willneed
to be supplemented as occasion may arise. Exercises in false syntax
havebeenomitted—not thattheseareof littlevalue, but becausethey
would makethe book too bulky,and becausegood collectionsof such
exercisesarealreadyinuseinthe schools. Theexamination questions
athpepyena—dreedbtyonmoosmteaonfstehxehcahuaspttievresoafrethientseunbjdeecdt.tobemerelysuggestive:
tmheentlaarrygTehrmaectottneetrxationfainnadgnaeanxdevreaclniescmeeesdntacraherayreaaccctoehurr,spersiu;nitateandbdlientfhoterwsotmhasolislzeeesrw,ohfsoutphyppalevee-;
com(p1l0e)tedtheelementarycourse,andtobetakenupinconnectionwith
thereview thereof. The elementary course is intended to supplythe
wantsoffirstformHigh School pupils,and thebookasawholecovers
theworkwhichmay be fairlyexpected from candidatesforFirst-Class
Certificates and for honour University Matriculation. The amount
of thesupplementarymattertobetakenupbysecondformpupils,will,
of course, dependupontheircapabilitiesandthelengthoftimeattheir
disposal; but, asarule, the studyof theless importanthistoricalpor-
tionssh—ouldbereservedforthirdandfourthformclasses.
Thebookhasbeenpreparedfortheuseofthepupil. Thisthe
teacher will soon discover if he attempts to use thetext for ordinary
catecheticalpurposes.
Many of the examples in the text and many of the exercises are
taken from Maetzner’s English Grammar and a good many of the
historicalfactsmustbecreditedto Lounsbu,ry’sHistory ofthe English
Jhanguage. Itisnot, however,possibletogiveacompletelistofallthe
authorities that have been consulted in the preparation of the work.
Theauthor’sthanksareduetoanumberof scholarswhocriticizedpor-
tionsof thetextasitpassedthroughthepress,andinparticulartoMr.
J.W. Connor, B.A.,of Berlin, Ont., who not only criticized the text
butalsosuppliedagooddealof materialforsomeof thechapters.
Toronto.
;;;
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Thereferencesaretoparagraphsexceptwhereotherwisespecified.
CHAPTERI.—INTRODUCTORY,pp.1-27.
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Out'lipo4vtfiFMif9emonlhron-rpcfueedg5elecoan1evounbercoecrountoh;cneldtnaf,facaanorbeEr2gctEfuony8eenohlmg-t,,fgea3lihlr4n3oi5eti2yHst4sh;v-C,-ihhhe5oe5,sei,l53c5Dnrtt6a6fai;o;3b1cTln;r9fu-,ueic-yl6roeush423aonntha04rocm,on;yfew;n;g,Lpoie2aMEioercs6tfnnor5dfigi7dl-;iNlnolafenuEod;inaorenssgrrnscnnguhmhocdimla,aaeunaEigrGtnnoasnetrid1fgcshheo9,lt,ee-nFteiak6,rrsh5gt4,5eihe6r2sn3,;4o-tt;cL735wilh4ha;-t3ctea1t,4hsh-ni8o;,e6gn3Nnto3;4u5oforpf-8ap;furo3rgrEr;8motmogenehmnvra;glaeuoavlnyoornfaimiRtncrsEemhoitCithneaahimoo,tgrtreeunhlasi6,sRqei,4noEuso.nng4ehsm,m5g1sroi9aletuas-;3inl,r6sm8sieac0ih;mmc2ceo,a;e7cnstlrnearh1a;ts,roe9en,sifqN-gieu23oru5osmi35ia7r,nsisg-si;m;en5et2aoi8ose5tonrn,nsof-;;
EnglishGrammar,65-69;theofficeofgrammar,67-69.
ExaminationQuestions,pp.27-28.
CHAPTERII.—THESENTENCEANDITSELEMENTS,pp.29-48.
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ExercisesandExaminationQuestions,pp.49-51.
CHAPTERIII.—INFLECTION,pp. 52-63.
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ExaminationQuestions,p.63.
CHAPTERIV.—DERIVATIONANDCOMPOSITION,pp.64-87.
Deriap5hmdotvc5oryehaecisrbtea;egierinniPviogtinorande,nuitinnribgo4secof5yrmwiona,pof;lplsrwaured3wicfne3sootfofa-,rinhfil3xdcxoo45,selEu6gs,u.;aty2,ss,-4ier1c0o,45oa-hn6o4a4;t1ad3n;-osg;wrt;eotithcarghoehcdieoactsnlfneh,asngeowfotefo3u,nsor5rasfm-c4tui3,4efunu6fsrni;t1;eixh6ifoew-nefsoo1od,rf7irsmpsd1oit;rt-1tuheia-ydnfenn1,eidca4sxrtsl4iei;ya7gsvsart,nait;hnitisferdi2c,ioo0ucsonl3fato;a7nosut-trbri3mcyoce9aonseln,m;spedpormw.oefceiofshrnfitiwoaxthtoons,sirtugofod-e1rftnsw9sih,,o-xwar2etids0i42,stn22c;,h--oot431t5m9hu25h0-ete-;;;
ExercisesandExaminationQuestions,pp.88-91.
CHAPTERV—NOUNS,pp.92-121.
DefinitionandUses,1-2.
Clas2as0infd;idcciaomtmiimnouontniA,vce7cs-o,1r12d1;inc;ogalultgeocmteinMvteeasa,tnii1vn2egs;,,se32n-2s2e4;p;caontasbrtsortnurycamtciitcosna,sn,d231-c32o4,n.cgreentdee,r3-n6o;unpsr,op1e4r-
;;
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
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CHAEPxTerEcRisVeIs.a—nPdREOxNamOiUnNaSti,onppQ.u1e2s7t-i1o52n.s;parsing,pp.121-126.
DefinitionandUses,1-3. ChangesofForm,4.
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ExercisesandExaminationQuestions,pp.153-154.
CHAPTERVII.—ADJECTIVES,pp.155-179.
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ExercisesandExaminationQuestions,pp. 179-182.
CHAPTERVIII.-VERBS,pp.183-250.
DefinitionandUses,1-2.
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