ABOUT THE AUTHOR An attorney and author who works as First Amendment Scholar for the First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, David L. Hudson Jr. writes regularly on the Supreme Court as a contributing editor to the American Bar Association’s Preview of U.S. Supreme Court Cases. He also teaches several classes at the Nashville School of Law. He is the author of more than 25 books, including The Rehnquist Court: Understanding Its Impact and Legacy (Praeger, 2006), and Visible Ink Press’s The Handy Supreme Court Answer Book, The Handy Law Answer Book, and The Handy Presidents Answer Book. He is a graduate of Duke University and Vanderbilt Law School. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Roger Jänecke of Visible Ink Press for his vision and for giving me another writing opportunity in the “Handy” series. I have enjoyed immensely working on this book, as well as The Handy Supreme Court Answer Book, The Handy Law Answer Book, and The Handy Presidents Answer Book. Once again, I had the privilege of working with expert editor Kevin Hile, who improved the manuscript. I also would like to thank my beautiful wife, Carla Hudson, for her excellent research skills and her unwavering support. I would also like to thank my students at Nashville School of Law and Vanderbilt Law School. ALSO FROM VISIBLE INK PRESS The Handy Anatomy Answer Book by James Bobick and Naomi Balaban ISBN: 978-1-57859-190-9 The Handy Answer Book for Kids (and Parents), 2nd edition Gina Misiroglu ISBN: 978-1-57859-219-7 The Handy Astronomy Answer Book by Charles Liu ISBN: 978-1-57859-193-0 The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book, 2nd edition by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney ISBN: 978-1-57859-218-0 The Handy Geography Answer Book, 2nd edition by Paul A. Tucci ISBN: 978-1-57859-215-9 The Handy Law Answer Book by David L. Hudson Jr. ISBN: 978-1-57859-217-3 The Handy Math Answer Book, 2nd edition by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney ISBN: 978-1-57859-373-6 The Handy Personal Finance Answer Book by Paul A. Tucci ISBN: 978-1-57859-322-4 The Handy Philosophy Answer Book by Naomi Zack ISBN: 978-1-57859-226-5 The Handy Physics Answer Book, 2nd edition By Paul W. Zitzewitz, Ph.D. ISBN: 978-1-57859-305-7 The Handy Politics Answer Book by Gina Misiroglu ISBN: 978-1-57859-139-8 The Handy Presidents Answer Book, 2nd edition by David L. Hudson ISB N: 978-1-57859-317-0 The Handy Psychology Answer Book by Lisa J. Cohen ISBN: 978-1-57859-223-4 The Handy Religion Answer Book by John Renard ISBN: 978-1-57859-125-1 The Handy Science Answer Book®, 4th edition by The Science and Technology Department Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, James E. Bobick, and Naomi E. Balaban ISBN: 978-1-57859-140-4 The Handy Sports Answer Book by Kevin Hillstrom, Laurie Hillstrom, and Roger Matuz ISBN: 978-1-57859-075-9 The Handy Supreme Court Answer Book by David L Hudson, Jr. ISBN: 978-1-57859-196-1 The Handy Weather Answer Book, 2nd edition by Kevin S. Hile ISBN: 978-1-57859-221-0 Please visit the Handy series website at www.handyanswers.com. Copyright © 2013 by Visible Ink Press® This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd., #414 Canton, MI 48187-2075 Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC. Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleinkpress.com, or 734-667-3211. Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Marco Di Vita Proofreaders: Chrystal Rosza and Sarah Hermsen ISBN 978-1-57859-372-9 Cover images: iStock. Cataloging-in-publication data is on file at the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PHOTO CREDITS INDEX ERAS AND THEIR HIGHLIGHTS The Classical Age: 2000 B.C.E to 500 C.E. … The Middle Ages: 500 to 1350 … The Renaissance: 1350 to 1600 … The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution: 1600s to 1700s … The Industrial Revolution: 1700s to 1800s … The Twentieth Century … Early Twenty-first Century RELIGION EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT West Meets East … Discovery of the New World … Circumnavigation of the Globe … Colonial America … The Early Republic of the United States … American Immigration … Exploration in the Twentieth Century … Space: The Final Frontier WAR AND CONFLICT The Peloponnesian War … Pan-Hellenism … The Roman Conquest … The Sacking of Rome … Attila the Hun … The Middle Ages … Renaissance and the Enlightenment … Colonialism … American Revolution … French Revolution … War of 1812 … Greek War of Independence … Texas War of Independence … Mexican War … Crimean War … War of Reform … American Civil War … Indian Wars … Boer Wars … Spanish-American War … Mexican Revolution … Wars in Asia … Russian Revolution … World War I … The Era between the World Wars … Sino-Japanese War … Spanish Civil War … World War II … The War in Europe … The War in the Pacific … World War II Ends … Cold War … Wars in Southeast Asia … Korean War … Vietnam War … The Middle East … Latin America and the Caribbean … Grenada … Persian Gulf War … War in the Baltics … Kosovo … Chechnya … Ireland … Africa … Terrorism … 9/11 … The War on Terror GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Empires, Royalty, and Dynasties … The Roman Republic … The Roman Empire … The Byzantine Empire … China … Europe … Great Britain … The Birth of Modern Government: Britain … American Democracy … The U.S. Constitution … The American Party System … Reconstruction … The American Presidency … Absolutism … The Postwar Era … India … The Middle East … The Soviet Bloc … Other Regions … The Post 9/11 Era in the United States LAW International Law … U.S. Law and Justice … Famous U.S. Trials ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS Money … Trade and Commerce … Natural Resources … Industrial Revolution … Modern Industry … U.S. Economic Legislation … U.S. Economy Today POLITICAL AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS The Antislavery Movement … The Civil Rights Movement … Temperance … Women’s Rights … The Birth Control Movement … Populism, Progressivism, and the Labor Movement … Counterculture, Consumerism, and the Environment DISASTERS Fires … Accidents and Technological Failures … Industrial Accidents MEDICINE AND DISEASE The Development of Modern Medicine and Surgery … Epidemics … Behaviorism, Psychology, and Mental Health PHILOSOPHY Philosophy and Government SCIENCE AND INVENTION Natural History … Invention … Transportation … Communications
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