The handbook of race, ethnicity, crime, and justice

560 Pages·2018·2.786 MB·English

by  Hollis, Meghan, Martínez, Ramiro, Stowell, Jacob I. (Eds.)

The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Crime,
and Justice
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The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice
Edited by Ramiro Martínez, Jr., Meghan E. Hollis, and Jacob I. Stowell
The Handbook of Race, Ethnicity,
Crime, and Justice
Edited by
Ramiro Martínez, Jr., Meghan E. Hollis,
and Jacob I. Stowell
This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Martínez, Ramiro, Jr., editor. | Hollis, Meghan E., editor. | Stowell, Jacob I., 1973– editor.
Title: The handbook of race, ethnicity, crime, and justice / edited by Ramiro Martínez, Jr.,
Meghan E. Hollis, Jacob I. Stowell.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. | Series: Wiley handbooks in
criminology and criminal justice | Includes index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018011940 (print) | LCCN 2018012642 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119113690 (pdf) |
ISBN 9781119113775 (epub) | ISBN 9781119114017 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Crime and race–United States. | Discrimination in criminal justice administration–
United States. | Discrimination in law enforcement–United States. | United States–Emigration and
immigration–Government policy. | United States–Race relations.
Classification: LCC HV6197.U5 (ebook) | LCC HV6197.U5 H36 2018 (print) | DDC 364.3/400973–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018011940
Cover Image: © Vialeta Novik / Getty Images
Cover Design: Wiley
Set in 10.5/13pt Minion by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction: Past, Present, and Future 1
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
Part I An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice 11
Introduction 13
Ramiro Martínez, Jr. and Meghan E. Hollis
1 Intentional Inequalities and Compounding Effects: The State
of Race and Justice Theory and Research 17
Kevin Drakulich and Eric Rodriguez‐Whitney
2 Ethnicity and Crime 39
Saundra Trujillo and María B. Vélez
3 Immigration, Crime, and Victimization in the US Context: An Overview 65
Philip M. Pendergast, Tim Wadsworth, and Joshua LePree
4 Hate Crime Research in the Twenty‐First Century 87
Janice A. Iwama
5 Native American Crime, Policing, and Social Context 105
Randall R. Butler and R. Steven Jones
6 Crime and Delinquency among Asian American Youth: A Review
of the Evidence and an Agenda for Future Research 129
Yue Zhuo and Sheldon Zhang
7 Racial and Ethnic Threat: Theory, Research, and New Directions 147
Brian J. Stults and Nic Swagar
vi Contents
8 The Rise of Mass Deportation in the United States 173
Daniel E. Martínez, Jeremy Slack, and Ricardo Martínez‐Schuldt
Part II Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Race,
Ethnicity, Crime, and Criminal Justice 203
Introduction 205
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
9 Racisms and Crime: Racialized Elaborations of General
Theories of Offending 209
Stacy De Coster, Rena C. Zito, and Jennifer Lutz
10 What Was Old Is New Again: An Examination of Contemporary
Theoretical Approaches Used in Race, Ethnicity, Crime,
and Justice Research 227
Scott Wm. Bowman and Meghan E. Hollis
11 Racial Threat and Police Coercion 255
Malcolm D. Holmes
12 “Fractured Reflections” in Cooley’s Looking Glass: Nonrecognition
of Self‐Presentation as Racialized Experience 279
Anne Warfield Rawls and Waverly Orlando Duck
13 Examining the Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation within
the Discipline: A Case for Feminist and Queer Criminology 303
Lindsay Kahle, Jill Leslie Rosenbaum, and Sanna King
Part III Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and
Criminal Justice System Involvement 327
Introduction 329
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
14 Policing Race, Gender, and Ethnicity 331
M. George Eichenberg and Shannon Hankhouse
15 Ethnographic Reflexivity: Geographic Comparisons of Gangs and
Policing in the Barrios of the Southwest 353
Robert J. Durán
16 Ethnicity, Immigration, and the Experience of Incarceration 371
Kathryn Benier and Suzanna Fay‐Ramirez
17 The Puzzle of Prison Towns: Race, Rurality, and Reflexivity
in Community Studies 393
John M. Eason
Contents vii
Part IV Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and
Gender in the Study of Crime and Criminal Justice 411
Introduction 413
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
18 LGBTQ Populations of Color, Crime, and Justice:
An Emerging but Urgent Topic 415
Vanessa R. Panfil
19 Gender and Crime: Black Female Crime 435
Andrea Leverentz
20 Intersectionality, Immigration, and Domestic Violence 457
Edna Erez and Shannon Harper
21 A Case Study: Neighborhood Factors and Intimate and 
Non‐intimate Aggravated Assaults 475
Amie L. Nielsen, Kristin Carbone‐Lopez, and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
Part V Comparative Approaches to Studying Race, Ethnicity,
Crime, and Justice 505
Introduction 507
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
22 Repatriation 509
Shirley Leyro
23 Mass Deportation: Forced Removal, Immigrant Threat,
and Disposable Labor in a Global Context 527
Andrea Gómez Cervantes and Cecilia Menjívar
Conclusion 547
Meghan E. Hollis and Ramiro Martínez, Jr.
Index 551
Notes on Contributors
Kathryn Benier is a criminologist at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Her
core research areas are hate crime, racial intolerance and prejudice, youth gangs, and
the harms of criminal victimization. She holds a PhD in Criminology from the
University of Queensland, with a dissertation on the neighborhood context and
consequences of hate crime.
Scott Wm. Bowman is an Associate Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at
Texas State University. Dr. Bowman earned his PhD in Justice Studies from Arizona
State University, with an emphasis on racial and socioeconomic inequalities. His
current teaching and research interests include race and crime, socioeconomic
status and crime, hip‐hop and positive youth development, and juvenile justice. His
recent research appears in various academic journals and books on a variety of
criminological and sociological topics, including an edited two‐volume book on
race and prisons entitled Color behind Bars: Racism in the US Prison System.
Randall R. Butler is Program Coordinator for the School of Criminology, Criminal
Justice and Strategic Studies at Tarleton State University. He also serves as director of
the Advisory Board for the School of Criminology. His PhD is in American History
and he holds additional graduate degrees in Criminology and Criminal Justice,
History, and Library and Information Sciences. Dr. Butler is also a commissioned
peace officer in Texas. His research interests include policing history, criminal
procedure, Native American policing, and the process of marginalizing Native
culture and youths. He has had a long‐term research affiliation with the Navajo
Nation Division of Public Safety and Dine’ Youth Program. Dr. Butler has published
in Law Enforcement Executive Forum, Journal of Gang Research, and Criminal Justice
Studies. Before joining TSU, he was Program Coordinator in the Department of
Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Texas at Arlington. Prior to
that he was Director of the Criminal Justice Program at Southwestern Adventist
University.
x Notes on Contributors
Kristin Carbone‐Lopez received her PhD in Sociology from the University of
Minnesota. Dr. Carbone‐Lopez taught at the University of Miami and then, later, the
University of Missouri‐St. Louis. Her research primarily focuses on intimate partner
and sexual violence, and more specifically on the links between victimization and
offending. Dr. Carbone‐Lopez has interviewed dozens of women in correctional
institutions about their experiences of victimization and their relationship to their
own criminal involvement.
Stacy De Coster is an Associate Professor of Sociology at North Carolina State
University. Her recent research focuses on the family and peer contexts of
delinquency and on inequality and crime, with particular emphasis on gender, race,
and intersections of gender, race, place, and crime. She currently is conducting
research on how reentering women negotiate identities as mothers and daughters.
Kevin Drakulich is an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and
Criminal Justice at Northeastern University. His research examines neighborhood
social processes related to race, crime, and justice, as well as perceptions of race,
crime, and justice both within neighborhoods and more broadly. He was named a
W. E. B. Du Bois Fellow by the National Institute of Justice in 2014, and was also the
recipient of the 2014 New Scholar Award from the American Society of Criminology’s
Division of People of Color and Crime.
Waverly Orlando Duck is an urban ethnographer whose primary research exam-
ines the social order of neighborhoods and institutional settings. He received his
PhD in Sociology from Wayne State University. Professor Duck then served as a
visiting scholar at the University of Pennsylvania and held a postdoctoral appoint-
ment at Yale University, in addition to serving as the Associate Director of the Yale
Urban Ethnography Project, where he is currently a Senior Fellow. Professor Duck
has also served as visiting professor in the Department of Sociology at the University
of Wisconsin‐Madison and at the Waisman Center, a research clinic dedicated to
examining childhood psychopathology. His academic areas of interest are urban
sociology, inequality (race, class, gender, health, and age), qualitative methods,
culture, ethnomethodology, and ethnography. His research has appeared in the
journals Ethnography, Critical Sociology, Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science, Crime, Law and Social Change, and African American Studies. His
recent book, No Way Out: Precarious Living in the Shadow of Poverty and Drug
Dealing, challenges the common misconception of urban ghettos as chaotic places
where drug dealing, street crime, and random violence make daily life dangerous for
everyone. No Way Out explores how neighborhood residents make sense of their
lives within severe constraints as they choose among very unrewarding prospects.
Robert J. Durán is now an Associate Professor at Texas A&M University after being
an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Tennessee. His areas of
research concern racism in the post–civil rights era and community resistance, from
gang evolution and border surveillance to disproportionate minority contact and
Notes on Contributors xi
officer‐involved shootings. He is the author of Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider’s
Journey (2013) and his forthcoming book is The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and
Miracles on the US–Mexico Border.
John M. Eason is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at Texas
A&M University. In his prior position at the School of Criminology and Criminal
Justice at Arizona State University, he received the 2012 Rural Sociological Society
Young Scholar Award. After receiving his PhD from the Department of Sociology at
the University of Chicago, he also served as the Provost’s Postdoctoral Associate in
the Department of Sociology at Duke University. His research interest challenges
existing models and develops new theories of community, health, race, punishment,
and rural/urban processes in several ways. First, by tracing the emergence of the
rural ghetto, he establishes a new conceptual model of rural neighborhoods. Next,
by demonstrating the function of the ghetto in rural communities, he extends con-
centrated disadvantage from urban to rural community process. These relationships
are explored through his book Big House on the Prairie: Rise of the Rural Ghetto and
Prison Proliferation.
M. George Eichenberg is a Professor of Criminal Justice with the School of
Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Strategic Studies of Tarleton State University. He
has a practitioner background in policing and juvenile corrections. His research
includes police operations and management in small agencies, as well as social
control and criminal justice ethics.
Edna Erez is Professor of Criminology, Law, and Justice at the University of Illinois at
Chicago. She has a law degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and an MA
and PhD in Criminology/Sociology from the University of Pennsylvania. Her areas of
research include victims in justice proceedings, violence against women, t errorism
and transnational crimes, and technology in criminal justice. Professor Erez received
over 2 million dollars in research grants from state and federal agencies in the United
States and overseas. Her publication record includes over a hundred scholarly articles,
book chapters, and research reports. Professor Erez serves as associate editor of Victims
and Violence, coeditor of International Review of Victimology, and as an editorial board
member of other legal studies and criminology journals.
Suzanna Fay‐Ramirez is a Senior Criminologist at the University of Queensland
School of Social Science. She received her PhD in Sociology from the University of
Washington, where she concentrated on comparative perspectives of crime,
immigration, and neighborhood action. Her current work expands this comparative
context of crime and considers how different people perceive crime and criminals,
particularly in the neighborhood context.
Andrea Gómez Cervantes is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at the
University of Kansas. Currently she works as the Research Assistant at the Center for
Migration Research at the University of Kansas. She received an American