The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics

695 Pages·2012·7.628 MB·English

by  Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy, Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre

The Handbook of
Historical
Sociolinguistics
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The Handbook of
Historical
Sociolinguistics
Edited by
Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy
and Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition fi rst published 2012
© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The handbook of historical sociolinguistics / edited by Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy and Juan
Camilo Conde-Silvestre.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8 (cloth)
1. Sociolinguistics–History. 2. Sociolinguistics–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Hernández-
Campoy, Juan Manuel. II. Conde Silvestre, Juan Camilo.
P40.H3423 2012
306.4409–dc23
2011037207
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 10/12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2012
To our Teachers and Students
Contents
Plates x
Figures x
Maps xii
Tables xiii
Notes on Contributors xv
Preface xxvii
Teresa Fanego
Introduction 1
J. Camilo Conde-Silvestre & Juan M. Hernández-Campoy
Part I Origins and Theoretical Assumptions 9
1 Diachrony vs Synchrony: the Complementary Evolution of Two
(Ir)reconcilable Dimensions 11
Jean Aitchison
2 Historical Sociolinguistics: Origins, Motivations, and Paradigms 22
Terttu Nevalainen and Helena Raumolin-Brunberg
3 Social History and the Sociology of Language 41
Robert McColl Millar
Part II Methods for the Sociolinguistic Study of the
History of Languages 61
4 The Application of the Quantitative Paradigm to Historical
Sociolinguistics: Problems with the Generalizability Principle 63
Juan M. Hernández-Campoy and Natalie Schilling
5 The Uniformitarian Principle and the Risk of Anachronisms
in Language and Social History 80
Alexander Bergs
6 The Use of Linguistic Corpora for the Study of Linguistic
Variation and Change: Types and Computational Applications 99
Pascual Cantos
viii Contents
7 Editing the Medieval Manuscript in its Social Context 123
Nila Vázquez and Teresa Marqués-Aguado
8 Medical, Offi cial, and Monastic Documents in
Sociolinguistic Research 140
Laura Esteban-Segura
9 The Use of Private Letters and Diaries in
Sociolinguistic Investigation 156
Stephan Elspass
10 The Use of Literary Sources in Historical
Sociolinguistic Research 170
K. Anipa
11 Early Advertising and Newspapers as Sources
of Sociolinguistic Investigation 191
Carol Percy
Part III Linguistic and Socio-demographic Variables 211
12 Orthographic Variables 213
Hanna Rutkowska and Paul Rössler
13 Phonological Variables 237
Anna Hebda
14 Grammatical Variables 253
Anita Auer and Anja Voeste
15 Lexical-Semantic Variables 271
Joachim Grzega
16 Pragmatic Variables 293
Andreas H. Jucker and Irma Taavitsainen
17 Class, Age, and Gender-based Patterns 307
Agnieszka Kiełkiewicz-Janowiak
18 The Role of Social Networks and Mobility in
Diachronic Sociolinguistics 332
Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre
19 Race, Ethnicity, Religion, and Castes 353
Rajend Mesthrie
Part IV Historical Dialectology, Language Contact,
Change, and Diffusion 367
20 The Teleology of Change: Functional and
Non-Functional Explanations for Language
Variation and Change 369
Paul T. Roberge
21 Internally- and Externally-Motivated Language Change 387
Raymond Hickey
Contents ix
22 Lexical Diffusion and the Regular Transmission of
Language Change in its Sociohistorical Context 408
Brian D. Joseph
23 The Timing of Language Change 427
Mieko Ogura
24 Innovation Diffusion in Sociohistorical Linguistics 451
David Britain
25 Historical Dialectology: Space as a Variable in the
Reconstruction of Regional Dialects 465
Anneli Meurman-Solin
26 Linguistic Atlases: Empirical Evidence for Dialect Change
in the History of Languages 480
Roland Kehrein
27 Historical Sociolinguistic Reconstruction Beyond Europe:
Case Studies from South Asia and Fiji 501
Matthew Toulmin
28 Multilingualism, Code-switching, and Language
Contact in Historical Sociolinguistics 520
Herbert Schendl
29 The Impact of Migratory Movements on Linguistic Systems:
Transplanted Speech Communities and Varieties from
a Historical Sociolinguistic Perspective 534
Daniel Schreier
30 Convergence and Divergence in World Languages 552
Roger Wright
Part V Attitudes to Language 569
31 Sociolinguistics and Ideologies in Language History 571
James Milroy
32 Language Myths 585
Richard J. Watts
33 Linguistic Purism 607
Nils Langer and Agnete Nesse
34 The Reconstruction of Prestige Patterns in Language History 626
Anni Sairio and Minna Palander-Collin
35 Written Vernaculars in Medieval and Renaissance Times 639
Catharina Peersman
Index 655
List of Plates
Plate 8.1 . Decorated folio 154
Plate 8.2 . Folio with marginalia 155
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 . Historical sociolinguistics from a cross - disciplinary
perspective 27
Figure 2.2 . The percentage of third - person singular -s in ten
idiolects, 1570 – 1669: a longitudinal study at 10 - year
intervals. CEEC 1998 and Supplement 35
Figure 3.1 . A model for the standardization process 50
Figure 3.2 . Implicational scale for language choice by women
speakers in Oberwart 53
Figure 4.1 . Percentage usage of the incipient standard in the
Paston Family 69
Figure 4.2 . Vowel system of Murcian Spanish 73
Figure 5.1 . has and does (%) as opposed to h ath and doth in 1640 – 80 92
Figure 6.1 . Usage - rank differences between the 25 most frequent
words: Brown v ersus LOB 114
Figure 6.2 . Frequency differences between the 25 most used words:
Brown versus LOB 115
Figure 14.1 . ‘ Simple ’ paradigmatic variants 254
Figure 14.2 . ‘ Complex ’ paradigmatic variants 254
Figure 14.3 . Syntagmatic variants 254
Figure 14.4 . Intra - textual variable analysis 260
Figure 14.5 . Cross - textual variable analysis 261
Figure 14.6 . Plural forms used by William Cely during three
different time periods 263
Figure 14.7 . The increase of the variant Finite Verb+ Pronoun+ Infi nitive
in real but not in apparent time 264
Figure 15.1 . The CoSMOS model 272
Figure 15.2 . Forces of lexical change on a conscious – subconscious
continuum 278
Figure 15.3 . Types of borrowing 284
List of Figures xi
Figure 18.1 . Geographical diffusion of y ou , 1460 – 1619 339
Figure 18.2 . Geographical diffusion of - (e)s , 1460 – 1680 339
Figure 18.3 . A historical coalition around T he Spectator and Joseph
Addison (1710 – 14) 346
Figure 19.1 . Race/colour terms in three territories in the 1960s 356
Figure 23.1 . S - curve progress of 2 - dimensional diffusion through time 428
Figure 23.2 . The development of periphrastic d o 431
Figure 23.3 . An idealized diagram of snowball effect in lexical
diffusion 437
Figure 23.4 . Four types of networks 440
Figure 23.5 . Learning model 442
Figure 23.6 . Diffusion dynamics in four types of networks under
three conditions 443
Figure 23.7 . Replacement of -( e)th by - (e)s in verbs other than
have and do 446
Figure 26.1 . Example of several isoglosses forming a tube confi guration 484
Figure 26.2 . Historical (black) and recent (gray and shaded)
German dialect atlases currently available in DiWA 488
Figure 26.3 . Type 1: stability of isoglosses over a period of more
than one hundred years 489
Figure 26.4 . Type 2: development away from both the standard
language and the old dialect 489
Figure 26.5 . Distribution of variants n it and net for Standard
Germannicht in the Middle - Rhine area at different
periods of time 490
Figure 26.6 . Type 3: broad - scale transformation of the phonological
structure of dialect areas 491
Figure 27.1 . Selected PNetworks reconstructed by Geraghty 515
Figure 32.1 . The funnel view of the history of a language 586
Figure 32.2 . From conceptual metaphors to discourse archives 601