THE HANDBOOK OF GOOD ENGLISH THE HANDBOOK OF GOOD ENGLISH REVISED AND UPDATED s Edward D. Johnson B EactsQnFik New York • Oxford The Handbook of Good English: Revised and Updated Copyright © 1983, 1991 by Edward D. Johnson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. Facts On File Limited 460 Park Avenue South Collins Street New York NY 10016 Oxford OX4 1XJ USA United Kingdom First published as The Washington Square Press Handbook of Good English by Pocket Books, a Simon & Schuster division of Gulf & Western Corporation, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10020 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-21872 A British CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at 212-683-2244 (dial 800\322-8755 except in NY, AK or HI) or in Oxford at 865/728399. Manufactured by the Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Printed in the United States of America 10 98765432 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS <* k> PREFACE vii 1 GRAMMAR 1 The Sentence 3 Case of Nouns and Pronouns: Subjective, Objective, and Possessive 20 Agreement 32 Verb Tenses: Past, Present, and Future 48 Verb Moods: Indicative, Imperative, and Subjunctive 58 Verb Voices: Active and Passive 63 Modifiers 65 2 PUNCTUATION 81 Sentence Structure 83 Comma 94 Semicolon 121 Colon 125 Dash 131 Parentheses and Brackets 136 Question Mark 143 Exclamation Point 149 Quotation Marks 151 Points of Ellipsis 166 Apostrophe 172 Hyphen 182 Diagonal 216 • Contents HOW TO STYLE WRITTEN ENGLISH: MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICS 219 Numbers 222 Dates 228 Abbreviations 229 Generic Terms 232 Titles of Officials and Names of Their Offices 234 Forms of Address 238 Place-names 241 Titles of Publications and Works of Literature, Works of Art, Musical Compositions, and Other Works 245 Foreign Words 256 BEYOND THE SENTENCE: DICTION AND COMPOSITION 26i_ Occasion and Intent 262 Organization 267 Tone 271 Revision 278 GLOSSARY / INDEX 293
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