ebook img

The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Vol. 2: Integrations PDF

640 Pages·2015·8.08 MB·english
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Vol. 2: Integrations

WEBFFIRS 09/22/2015 9:49:29 Pageii WEBFFIRS 09/22/2015 9:49:29 Pagei The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology WEBFFIRS 09/22/2015 9:49:29 Pageii WEBFFIRS 09/22/2015 9:49:29 Pageiii The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology Second Edition Volume 2 Integrations Edited by David M. Buss WEBFFIRS 09/22/2015 9:49:29 Pageiv Cover design: Wiley This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 Copyright  2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If legal, accounting, medical, psychological or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993, or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Handbook of evolutionary psychology (Hoboken, N.J.) The handbook of evolutionary psychology / edited by David M. Buss. — 2nd edition. volumes cm Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Volume 1. Foundations — volume 2. Application. ISBN 978-1-118-75580-8 (cloth) — ISBN 978-1-118-76399-5 (set) —ISBN 978-1-118-75602-7 (pdf) — ISBN 978-1-118-75597-6 (epub) 1. Evolutionary psychology. 2. Human evolution. I. Buss, David M. II. Title. BF698.95.H36 2016 155.7—dc23 2015008090 Printed in the United States of America SECOND EDITION 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 WEBFTOC 09/22/2015 9:55:23 Pagev Contents PART V GROUP LIVING: COOPERATION AND CONFLICT 621 David M. Buss and Daniel Conroy-Beam 25 Adaptations for Reasoning About Social Exchange 625 Leda Cosmides and John Tooby 26 Interpersonal Conflict and Violence 669 Martin Daly 27 Women’s Competition and Aggression 684 Anne Campbell 28 Prejudices: Managing Perceived Threats to Group Life 704 Steven L. Neuberg and Peter DeScioli 29 Leadership in War: Evolution, Cognition, and the Military Intelligence Hypothesis 722 Dominic D. P. Johnson PART VI CULTURE AND COORDINATION 745 Daniel Conroy-Beam and David M. Buss 30 Cultural Evolution 749 Maciej Chudek, Michael Muthukrishna, and Joe Henrich 31 Morality 770 Robert Kurzban and Peter DeScioli 32 The Evolutionary Foundations of Status Hierarchy 788 Mark van Vugt and Joshua M. Tybur 33 Reputation 810 Pat Barclay 34 The Evolution and Ontogeny of Ritual 829 Cristine H. Legare and Rachel E. Watson-Jones 35 The Origins of Religion 848 Ara Norenzayan 36 The False Allure of Group Selection 867 Steven Pinker PART VII INTERFACES WITH TRADITIONAL PSYCHOLOGY DISCIPLINES 881 David M. Buss 37 Evolutionary Cognitive Psychology 885 Peter M. Todd, Ralph Hertwig, and Ulrich Hoffrage v WEBFTOC 09/22/2015 9:55:23 Pagevi vi CONTENTS 38 Evolutionary Developmental Psychology 904 David F. Bjorklund, Carlos Hernández Blasi, and Bruce J. Ellis 39 Evolutionary Social Psychology 925 Douglas T. Kenrick, Jon K. Maner, and Norman P. Li 40 The General Factor of Personality: A Hierarchical Life History Model 943 Aurelio José Figueredo, Michael A. Woodley of Menie, and W. Jake Jacobs 41 The Evolution of Cognitive Bias 968 Martie G. Haselton, Daniel Nettle, and Damian R. Murray 42 Biological Function and Dysfunction: Conceptual Foundations of Evolutionary Psychopathology 988 Jerome C. Wakefield 43 Evolutionary Psychology and Mental Health 1007 Randolph M. Nesse PART VIII INTERFACES ACROSS TRADITIONAL ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES 1027 David M. Buss 44 Evolutionary Psychology and Evolutionary Anthropology 1029 Daniel M. T. Fessler, Jason A. Clark, and Edward K. Clint 45 Evolutionary Genetics 1047 Ruben C. Arslan and Lars Penke 46 Evolutionary Psychology and Endocrinology 1067 James R. Roney 47 Evolutionary Political Psychology 1084 Michael Bang Petersen 48 Evolutionary Literary Study 1103 Joseph Carroll PART IX PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 1121 David M. Buss 49 Evolutionary Psychology and Public Policy 1123 Nicolas Baumard 50 Evolution and Consumer Psychology 1143 Gad Saad 51 Evolution and Organizational Leadership 1161 Nigel Nicholson 52 Evolutionary Psychology and the Law 1180 Owen D. Jones Afterword 1205 Richard Dawkins Author Index I-1 Subject Index I-30 WEBPART05 09/22/2015 8:52:30 Page621 PA RT V GROUP LIVING: COOPERATION AND CONFLICT DAVID M. BUSS and DANIEL CONROY-BEAM HOMO SAPIENS HAS been called “the social animal” for a good reason. Living in groups defines a key mode of human existence. Groups contain a bounty of resources critical to survival and reproduction. They afford safety and protection from predators and from other humans. They are populated with potential friends for mutually beneficial social exchange. They contain reproductively valuable mates. And they are inhabited with kin, precious carriers of our genetic cargo, from whom we can receive aid and in whom we can invest. At the same time, group living intensifies competition over precisely those reproductively relevant resources, creat­ ing sources of conflict not faced by more solitary creatures. The chapters in this part describe many of the complexities of the evolutionary psychology of group living, focusing on cooperation and conflict. In Chapter 25, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby provide a comprehensive review of the extensive body of research, much of it conducted by them and their students, on neurocognitive adaptations for social exchange. They elucidate the many design features that such adaptations theoretically should possess and provide compelling arguments that domain-general mechanisms cannot achieve the specific outcomes needed for successful social exchange. They review competing theories to explain the content effects on the Wason selection task and marshal empirical evidence relevant to adjudicating among those theories. In a display of the sort of methodological plural­ ism advocated by Simpson and Campbell (Chapter 3, this Handbook, Volume 1), Cosmides and Tooby describe cross-cultural studies, studies using traditional meth­ ods of cognitive psychology, and studies using neurocognitive techniques. Martin Daly’s chapter (Chapter 26) on interpersonal violence and homicide begins by articulating an evolutionary perspective on conflicts of reproductive interests—a long-standing ingenious strategy pioneered by Daly and his long-time collaborator Margo Wilson. Next, he articulates the rationale for using violence and homicides as assays of social conflicts. Thus, Daly’s focus is not so much in explaining violence per se, although key insights into violence do indeed emerge. Rather, his central aim is to 621 WEBPART05 09/22/2015 8:52:30 Page622 622 GROUP LIVING:COOPERATION AND CONFLICT exploit patterns of violence to reveal underlying conflicts of evolutionary interests that occur between individuals when they live in groups. He deploys this strategy to make novel scientific discoveries. Kin, for example, who typically have a greater confluence of interest compared to unrelated individuals, display much less violence toward each other, despite the fact that they interact more frequently. Intimate mates, to take another example, can have converging genetic interests, as when they have mutually produced offspring. But conflicts of interest emerge from at least six sources, such as temptations for genetic cuckoldry, temptations to trade up, relationship defection, and channeling pooled resources toward one set of kin at the expense of another (see also Conroy-Beam, Goetz, & Buss, 2015). Violence is more common precisely when these conflicts of interest emerge in intimate mateships. Anne Campbell’s chapter (Chapter 27) provides an overview of theory and research on women’s competition and aggression. She explores both the proximate mecha­ nisms (hormones, physiological maturation, neuropsychology) and ultimate selective forces underlying women’s competition and aggression. Fear, she argues, acts as a more powerful brake on women’s than on men’s violent aggression, due to the greater costs of engaging in violent conflict (e.g., costs not only to the woman, but also to her children). But make no mistake, Campbell argues—women’s competition, although less ostentatiously violent, can be ferocious. Women compete for the best mates, for example, a form of competition possibly exacerbated by socially imposed monogamy. She argues that appearance (cues to fertility) and fidelity (cues to paternity certainty) become key weapons by which women compete with other women, with tactics that include shunning, stigmatizing, derogating, and ostracizing their rivals. When tactics do escalate to actual violence, they occur in predictable contexts such as resource scarcity and a sex ratio imbalance involving too few men as potential mates. In short, Campbell’s excellent chapter provides a detailed analysis of the underlying adaptations for female competition and aggression, the ways in which they are sex- differentiated in design, and the contextual and ecological variables to which they respond. Prejudice seems to be a ubiquitous feature of human social living. Everywhere, people seem prone to dislike and distrust some others, discriminating against them within groups and even warring with them when they are out-groups. Steven Neuberg and Peter DeScioli (Chapter 28) provide an outstanding chapter on the evolved psychology—threat management systems—designed to deal with adaptive problems arising from within and outside of one’s group. These prejudices can cause harm and discrimination in the modern environment, they argue, which makes it all the more important to understand their design features and how they play out in this new world. Humans are an extraordinarily coalitional species. We form groups, often in competition with other groups. Dominic Johnson’s chapter (Chapter 29) on leadership and war focuses on group-on-group conflict. He outlines different hypotheses about the evolution of leader traits in the context of war, or alternatively features of coalitional leadership psychology that could have been coopted for war, and examines the relevant empirical evidence. He makes a compelling case that war has been a major selective force on human psychology, including the evolution of leadership and followership traits—arguments that have critical relevance in a modern world beset with warfare in forms unimaginable in the past, but that exploit the same suite of psychological adaptations. Group living is what we do as a species. It offers a bounty of benefits through cooperation and an abundance of costs through social conflict. As a consequence, it is

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.