The Habsburg and Hohenzollern Dynasties in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

202 Pages·1970·2.694 MB·English

by  C. A. Macartney (editor)

The Habsburg and Hoherizollern Dynasties
in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
REVOLUTIONARY EUROPE, 1789-1848
DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION
Paul H. Beik: the french revolution
Edited by Eugene C. Black and Leonard W. Levy
David L. Dowd: Napoleonic era, 1799-1815
Rene Albrecht-Carrie: the concert of Europe hr/1341
John B. Halsted: r omanticism hr/1387
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF THE WEST
R. Max Hartwell: the industr ial revolution
Morton Smith: ancient Greece
Mack Walker: Metternich's Europe hr/1361
A. H. M. Jones: a history of rome through the fifth century
Vol. I: The Republic hr/1364 Douglas Johnson: the ascendant bourgeoisie
Vol. II: The Empire hr/1460 John A. Hawgood: the r evolutions of 1848
Deno Geanakoplos: byzantine empire
NATIONALISM, LIBERALISM, AND SOCIALISM, 1850-1914
Marshall W. Baldwin: Christianity thr ough the thirteenth century hr /1468
Bernard Lewis: islam through suleiman the magnificent Eugene C. Black: Victor ian culture and society hr/1426
David Herlihy: history of feudalism Eugene C. Black: Br itish politics in the nineteenth century hr/1427
William M. Bowsky: rise of commerce and towns Denis Mack Smith: the making of italy, 1796-1870 hr/1356
David Herlihy: medieval culture and society hr/1340 David Thomson: Fr ance: Empire and Republic, 1850-1940 hr/1378
Theodore S. Hamerow: bismarck's mitteleuropa
EARLY MODERN HISTORY
Eugene O. Golob: the age of laissez faire
Hanna H. Gray: cultural history of the renaissance Roland N. Stromberg: realism, natur alism, and symbolism:
Florence Edler de Roover: money, banking, Modes of Thought and Expression in Europe, 1848-1914 hr/1355
AND COMMERCE, THIRTEENTH THROUGH SIXTEENTH CENTURIES Melvin Kranzberg: science and technology
V. J. Parry: the ottoman empire Jesse D. Clarkson: tsar ist Russia : Catherine the Great to Nicholas II
Ralph E. Giesey: evolution or the dynastic state Philip D. Curtin and John R. W. Smail: imperialism
J. H. Parry: the Eur opean reconnaissance: Selected Documents hr /1345
Massimo Salvador!: modern socialism hr/1374
Hans J. Hillerbrand: the Protestant reformation hr/1342
John C. Olin: the catholic counter reformation THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Orest Ranum: the century of louis xiv Jere C. King: the fir st world war
Thomas Hegarty: Russian history thr ough peter the great S. Clough, T. and C. Moodie : economic history of Eur ope:
Marie Boas Hall: nature and nature's laws hr/1420 Twentieth Century hr/1388
Barry E. Supple: history of mercantilism W. Warren Wagar: science, faith, and ma n:
European Thought Since 1914 hr/1362
Arthur J. Slavin: imper ial ism, war , and diplomacy, 1550-1763
Herbert H. Rowen: the low countries Paul A. Gagnon: int er nat ional ism and diplomacy between the war s, 1919-1939
Henry Cord Meyer: weimar and Nazi Germany
C. A. Macartney: the habsburg and hohenzollern dynasties
in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries hr /1400 Michal Vyvyan: Russia from lenin to Khrushchev
Lester G. Crocker: the age of enlightenment hr/1423 Charles F. Delzell: mediterranean t otal it ar ianism, 1919-1945
Donald C. Watt: the second world war
Robert and Elborg Forster: Eur opean society in the eighteenth century hr /1404
w.
The Habsburg and Hohenzollern
A volume
in
DOCUMENTARY HISTORY
Dynasties in the Seventeenth
of
WESTERN CIVILIZATION
and Eighteenth Centuries
edited by
C>A. ma c a r t n e y
/n
HARPER PAPERBACKS
Harper & Row, Publishers: New York. on, and London
Contents
Acknowledgments j
x
Part I: The Habsburg Dynasty
Introduction: 1 he Expansion of the Habsburg Power in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries ]
1 The Counter-Reformation in German Austria 13
2 Rudolf Il’s Imperial Patent (Majestdtsbrief) of July 9,
1609 22
3 The Defenestration of Prague 33
4 The Revised Constitution of the Kingdom of Bohemia
(Vernewerte Landesordnung des Konigreichs Bohaimh)
of 1627 37
THE HABSBURG AND HOHENZOLLERN 5 The Sufferings of Hungarian Protestants Under the
DYNASTIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND
Counter-Reformation 45
EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
6 The Sultan’s Declaration of War on the Emperor, 1683 57
Introductions, editorial notes, chronology, 7 The Raising of the Siege of Vienna, 1683 59
bibliography, translations by the editor, and
8 The King of Poland (John III Sobieski) on the Raising
compilation copyright © 1970 by C. A. Macartney.
of the Siege of Vienna 66
Printed in the United States of America. 9 <Austria Over All, If She Only Wills It= 70
10 The <Serb Privilege= of 1691 78
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever except 11 The Habsburg Succession, 1687-1722/23 82
in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical A. Extracts from the Laws of the Hungarian Diet of 1687 85
articles and reviews. For information address Harper &
B. The <Pactum Mutuae Successions= (September 12,
Row, Publishers, Incorporated, 49 East 33rd Street,
New York, N.Y. 10016. 1703) 87
C. The Pragmatic Sanction 88
First harper paperback edition published 1970 by D. Extract from the Hungarian Lawso f 1712-15 91
Harper & Row, Publishers, Incorporated,
E. The Hungarian Implementing Legislation, 1721-22 91
New York, N.Y. 10016.
12 Maria Theresa’s Political Testament 94
A clothbound edition of this book is published in the
13 The Habsburgs and Hungary, 1741-91 132
United States and Canada by Walker and Company.
A. The Hungarian Diet of 1741 132
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 69-15558. B. Joseph IPs Recantation 137
cont ent s vii
Vi CONTENTS
9 The French Huguenots Made Welcome in
C. Leopold H’s Settlement with Hungary, 1790-91 140
Brandenburg • 269
14 The Habsburgs and the Churches, 1740-92 145
10 The First King in Prussia 275
A. Maria Theresa in a Nutshell 148
11 Frederick William I on Colonization in Lithuania 292
B. Maria Theresa and Joseph II on Toleration 148
12 Frederick William I Wants Untinted Spectacles 298
C. The Placetuni Regium 15 3
13 Frederick William’s <Directorate General= 299
D. The Toleration Patent 154
14 Frederick William’s <Political Testament= 309
E. The Monasteries Patent 157
15 Frederick William and His Son 322
F. The Seminaries Patent 160
16 Frederick the Great Plans His Coup 326
G. The <Livings Patent= 162
17 Frederick the Great as Others Saw Him (1751) 328
H. The Jewish Patents 164
18 Frederick the Great’s Political Testament (1752) 331
15 The Habsburgs and the Peasant Question, 1740-90 169
19 Frederick the Great on Industrialization 346
A. Maria Theresa and the Nexus Subditelae 171
20 Abuses in the Kurmark 348
B. Peasant Patents Issued by Joseph II 174
21 Frederick the Great Before Leuthen 350
16 <Manners Makyth Man= 184
22 Land Settlement and Amelioration in the Neumark 353
17 Maria Theresa on Proposals to Partition Poland and
23 Frederick II and the Partition of Poland 354
Turkey in Europe 187
A. Memorandum by Maria Theresa, January 22, 1772 188
Bibliography 361
B. Second Memorandum, February, 1772 189
C. Maria Theresa to Count Mercy, July 31, 1777 191
Chronology 365
18 Joseph II and the <Greek Project= 192
19 Problems for Joseph II 194
Index 375
20 Leopold Il’s <Political Credo= 204
Par t II: The Hohenzol l er n Dynast y
Introduction: The Rise of the Hohenzollerns, 1600-1790 207
1 The First Brandenburg Privy Council 217
2 The Religious Issue Between the Elector John Sigismund
and His Subjects 222
A. John Sigismund Deprecates Fanaticism from the Pulpit 223
B. Extracts from John Sigismund’s Reverse in the Mark,
1615 227
3 The Brandenburg Recess of 1653 228
4 The Treaty of Wehlau, 1657 242
5 Introduction of the Excise Tax in Brandenburg, 1667 253
6 The Readmission of Jews into Brandenburg 258
7 The Great Elector’s Venture into Overseas Commerce 262
8 Protection of the Brandenburg Woolens Industry 265
Acknowledgments
It is my pleasure, as it is my duty, to express here my most deep
obligation to Dr. Ernst Opgenoorth of Bonn University, Germany,
for the kindly and expert help he has given me, both in the selec­
tion of the documents relating to the I lohcnzollerns, and also in
the elucidation of many problems connected with them. Without
his help I should have been sadly lost in this field. I should, how­
ever, emphasize that he is in no way responsible for any errors,
insufficiencies, or perversities of judgment either in the elucida­
tions to the documents or in the introductory sketch. He has not
seen these; I do not doubt that they would have been greatly
improved if he had.
Dr. Peter Wildncr, of Vienna University, has also given me
valuable help in identifying and supplying Habsburg documents.
If my obligation toward him is less extensive than toward Dr.
Opgenoorth, this is because I have made fewer calls on him; not
that the calls which I did make were less willingly or less com­
petently answered.
All translations in this volume, with the obvious exceptions of
numbers 1 and 5-8 of the Habsburg scries, arc my work.
C. A. Macar t ney
Hornbeams, Boars Hill, Oxford
The Habsburg and Hohenzollern Dynasties
in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
I
The Habsburg Dynasty
Introduction: The Expansion o f the Habsburg Power
in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
The opening of the seventeenth century found the Habsburg do­
minions in central Europe in a state of considerable, and unaccus­
tomed, uncertainty. The founder of the Austrian line, Ferdinand I,
had impaired the unity of the Hausmacht when, dying, he had
thought the imperial dignity, the crowns of Bohemia and Hun­
gary, and the Archduchy of <Austria= (Above and Below the
Enns) sufficient portion for his eldest son, Maximilian II while
bequeathing to the two younger sons, Ferdinand and Charles,
the Tirol and <Inner Austria= respectively. Charles died in 1590
and was in due course succeeded (after a minority of five years)
by his elder son, Ferdinand II, while his younger son, Leopold,
eventually succeeded to the Tirol. Maximilian’s portion passed
undivided to his eldest son, but this was the unfortunate Rudolf II,
who shut himself up with astrologers and alchemists in his castle
of Prague, leaving the government of the Austrias and Hungary
to his younger brother, Ernest, and on the latter’s death in 1595,
to the third brother, Matthias.
The family heritage had been divided before, in similar fashion,
but the ill effects of this had been largely remedied by the dutiful­
ness shown by the cadet branches of the family toward the head of
the house, and the Tirolean and Inner Austrian branches did not
fail in this now; but Matthias fretted against his subordination to
his exalte elder brother, of whom he hoped to make himself in­
dependent. This family disunity was superimposed on a great
ideological division which had come to run through all the Habs-