The H Boson PDF
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Progress in Mathematical Physics 72 Costas Bachas Bertrand Duplantier Vincent Rivasseau Editors The H Boson Progress in Mathematical Physics Volume 72 Editors-in-chief AnneBoutetdeMonvel,UniversitédeParisVIIUFRdeMathematiques, ParisCX05,France GeraldKaiser,CenterforSignalsandWaves,Portland,Oregon,USA EditorialBoard SirM.Berry,UniversityofBristol,UK P.Blanchard,UniversityofBielefeld,Germany M.Eastwood,UniversityofAdelaide,Australia A.S.Fokas,UniversityofCambridge,UK F.W.Hehl,UniversityofCologne,Germany andUniversityofMissouri-Columbia,USA D.Sternheimer,UniversitédeBourgogne,Dijon,France C.Tracy,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,USA Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/4813 Costas Bachas • Bertrand Duplantier • Vincent Rivasseau Editors The H Boson Editors Costas Bachas Bertrand Duplantier École Normale Superieure Institut de Physique Théorique Laboratoire de Physique Theorique CEA/Saclay Paris, France Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Vincent Rivasseau Université Paris-Sud Laboratoire de Physique Théorique Orsay, France ISSN 1544-9998 ISSN 2197-1846 (electronic) Progress in Mathematical Physics ISBN 978-3-319-57408-0 ISBN 978-3-319-57409-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57409-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954501 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 81-02 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This book is published under the trade name Birkhäuser, www.birkhauser-science.com The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Foreword ................................................................. ix Fran¸cois Englert The BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson 1 Introduction: short and long range interactions ........................ 1 2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking ....................................... 3 3 The BEH mechanism .................................................. 8 4 The discovery ......................................................... 13 References ............................................................. 18 Yves Sirois Discovery and Measurements of the H Boson with ATLAS and CMS Experiments at the LHC 1 Introduction: the standard model and the Higgs boson ................. 21 2 The ATLAS and CMS experiments .................................... 23 3 Phenomenology at the LHC ........................................... 25 4 The search and the discovery .......................................... 29 5 Measurements and properties .......................................... 32 6 Conclusions and the aftermath ......................................... 45 References ............................................................. 47 Pierre Fayet Scalar Bosons and Supersymmetry 1 The electroweak symmetry breaking ................................... 51 2 The scalar boson of the standard model ................................ 54 3 A scalar boson, elementary or not? .................................... 55 4 Introducing supersymmetry ............................................ 55 5 Relating bosons and fermions, yes, but how? ........................... 56 6 The need for superpartners ............................................ 57 vi Contents 7 The supersymmetric standard model, with its extra spin-0 bosons ...... 58 8 Some remaining questions, after the 125 GeV boson discovery .......... 59 9 More on supersymmetry and superspace ............................... 60 10 Relating gauge and BEH bosons, in the supersymmetric standard model ....................................................... 61 11 Conclusion on scalar bosons and supersymmetry ....................... 62 References ............................................................. 63 Louis Fayard Future Searches on Scalar Boson(s) 1 Introduction ........................................................... 65 2 Future facilities ........................................................ 65 3 New physics in the scalar sector ....................................... 73 4 Conclusions ........................................................... 80 References ............................................................. 80 Abdelhak Djouadi Implications of the H Boson Discovery 1 Introduction ........................................................... 85 2 Implications for the standard model ................................... 89 3 Implications for supersymmetry ....................................... 105 4 What next? ........................................................... 126 References ............................................................. 128 Contributors Franc¸ois Englert Service de Physique Th´eorique, Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium Yves Sirois LLR, E´cole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3 Pierre Fayet Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique de l’E´cole Normale Sup´erieure, Paris, France Louis Fayard LAL, Universit´e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France Abdelhak Djouadi LPT, CNRS & Universit´e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France Foreword This book is the sixteenth in a series of Proceedings for the S´eminaire Poincar´e, which is directed toward a broad audience of physicists, mathematicians, and philosophers of science. The goalofthe Poincar´eSeminaris to provideup-to-date informationabout generaltopicsofgreatinterestinphysics.Boththetheoreticalandexperimentalas- pectsofthetopicarecovered,generallywithsomehistoricalbackground.Inspired by the Nicolas Bourbaki Seminar in mathematics, hence nicknamed“Bourbaphy”, the Poincar´e Seminar is held on a yearly basis at the Institut Henri Poincar´e in Paris, with written contributions prepared in advance. Particular care is devoted to the pedagogical nature of the presentations, so that they may be accessible to a large audience of scientists. This new volume of the Poincar´eSeminar Series, The H Boson, in the Birk- h¨auserSeriesProgressin Mathematical Physicscorrespondstothenineteenthsuch seminar, held on November 29, 2014, at Institut Henri Poincar´e in Paris. Its first aim is to provide a detailed description of the seminal theoretical construction in 1964,independentlybyRobertBroutandFranc¸oisEnglert,andbyPeterW.Higgs, of a mechanism for short-range fundamental interactions, now called the Brout– Englert–Higgs (BEH) mechanism. Itaccountsforthenon-zeromassofelementary particles and predicts the existence of a new particle – an elementary massive scalar boson. The second aim of the present volume is then to describe the ex- perimental discovery of this fundamental missing element in the Standard Model of particle physics. The H boson, also called the Higgs boson, was produced and detected in the Large HadronCollider (LHC) of CERN near Geneva by two large experimental collaborations,ATLAS and CMS, which announced its discoveryon the 4th of July 2012. TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2013wasawardedjointlytoFran¸coisEnglertand Peter W. Higgs “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to ourunderstandingofthe originofmassofsubatomicparticles,andwhichrecently wasconfirmedthroughthediscoveryofthepredictedfundamentalparticle,bythe ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large HadronCollider”. This does not seem to preclude a later awarding of another Nobel Prize in Physics, this time to the CERN organization, for such an experimental achievement of historical importance. The present volume is a testimony to the extraordinary fifty-year long scientific adventure which led to the discovery of the H boson.
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