The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Popular Culture, Vol. 6: Asia and Pacific Oceania

456 Pages·2007·22.725 MB·English

by  Vinay Dharwadker

L
' V
-
i ^
W
v
?A
■k

Bering GBSC
Alaska
Sea (US) poof
6
<5? ✓
Aleutian Islands
' : o»{>
ASIA AND OCEANIA
NORTH
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Midway Islands
Bonen Islands (US) • •
islands *.<JAPAN>
AN)
'• Marcus Island Tropic of Cancer
--lwo_Jima_e-; (JAPAN) -
Oahu ° ”xj
* Wake Island r-^
* (US) XyS Hawaii
• North Mariana Islands
\ (US)
Guam ° * Johnston Atoll
(US) (US)
• MARSHALL
FEDERATED STATES '.* f ISLANDS
Koror, OF. MICRONESIA
• .* * Palikir
.. „ . o Truk ★ . ★ Majuro
Caroline Islands
PALAU Kingman Reef
4 *’ . (US)
' Gilbert Baker ls-
Yaren District Tara»a^ Islands •. (US)
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2020 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0006unse_g7o2
THE GREENWOOD
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
WORLD
POPULAR CUL1URE
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of
World Popular Culture
General Editor
GARY HOPPENSTAND
Volume Editors
MICHAEL K. SCHOENECKE, North America
JOHN F. BRATZEL, Latin America
GERD BAYER, Europe
LYNN BARTHOLOME, North Africa and the Middle East
DENNIS HICKEY, Sub-Saharan Africa
GARY XU and VINAY DHARWADKER, Asia and Pacific Oceania
THE GREENWOOD
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
WORLD
POPULAR CULTURE
Gary Hoppenstand
General Editor
Gary Xu and Vinay Dharwadker
Volume Editors
GREENWOOD PRESS
Westport, Connecticut • London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Greenwood encyclopedia of world popular culture / Gary Hoppenstand, general editor ; volume editors, John
F. Bratzel... [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33255-5 (set: alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33316-3 (North America : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33256-2 (Latin America : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33509-9 (Europe : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33274-6 (North Africa and the Middle East: alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33505-1 (Sub-Saharan Africa : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33956-1 (Asia and Pacific Oceania : alk. paper)
1. Popular culture—Encyclopedias. 2. Civilization, Modern—Encyclopedias. 3.
Culture—Encyclopedias. I. Eloppenstand, Gary. II. Bratzel, John F. III. Title:
Encyclopedia of world popular culture. IV. Title: World popular culture.
HM621.G74 2007
306.03—dc22 2007010684
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
Copyright © 2007 by Gary Xu and Vinay Dharwadker
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007010684
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33255-5 (Set)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33255-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33316-3 (North America)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33316-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33256-2 (Latin America)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33256-8
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33509-9 (Europe)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33509-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33274-6 (North Africa and the Middle East)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33274-6
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33505-1 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33505-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33956-1 (Asia and Pacific Oceania)
ISBN-10: 0-313-33956-2
First published in 2007
Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881
An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
www.greenwood.com
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book complies with the
Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National
Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984).
10 987654321
To my graduate students.
G.X.
For Aparna, Aneesha, and Sachin.
V.D.